Frequently Used Terms
Subfalcian or cingulate herniation; Uncal herniation; Rostro-caudal or central herniation
Short Description or Definition
Because the intracranial compartments are generally noncompressible and the intracranial volume is essentially constant, any additional pressure-producing solid or liquid mass within the intracranial cavity will result in displacement of healthy tissues. Supra-tentorial expanding mass lesions, such as tumors, abscesses, ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, or traumatic hematomas, can produce herniation by displacing adjacent and remote brain tissue, especially diencephalon. Such displacement may occur across the midline (e.g., sub-falcian herniation) or via the rostro-caudal direction by compressing the deep diencephalic and midbrain structures (e.g., uncal and central herniation).
Etiology/Categorization
Rostral-caudal/central herniation: a nonlateralizing downward pressure, most often associated with hydrocephalus, diffuse cerebral edema, and...
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References and Readings
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Noskin, O. (2018). Herniation Syndromes. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_556
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_556
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