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Nutritional Regulation of Mammary miRNome: Implications for Human Studies

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Mammary gland is the organ of milk component synthesis that provides the nutrients for growth and development of the mammalian neonate. In addition to macronutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids known for their roles in providing substrate and energy, a new class of components has been identified notably microRNA that have signaling roles regulating a large set of biological processes. MicroRNAs, short noncoding RNAs, have been reported to act on the mammary tissues, influencing mammary development and milk component biosynthesis, and evidence is now assembling that they also signal to the infant. The expression profile of these miRNAs can be under nutritional regulation. Their presence in milk and their relative persistency through industrial treatment open new way of investigations to use them as biomarkers of animal health, as well as to evaluate their effects on the health of those consuming them. Due to the role of miRNAs on human health and diseases, their transfer from milk or milk products to infants and adults is being actively researched, though their bioavailability is not known. Research is defining their distribution in the different fractions of milk (such as cells, exosomes, fat globule, or skim milk). Indeed, the unique packaging of miRNAs could be crucial for their action through the intestinal tract. The value of milk miRNAs to diverse aspects of human health is now an emerging field of science.

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Abbreviations

3′UTR:

Three prime untranslated region

ACACA:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1

ACSL1:

Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1

CSN1S1:

Casein alpha S1

CSN2:

Casein beta

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ESR1:

Estrogen receptor 1

FASN:

Fatty acid synthase

GLUT1:

Glucose transporter 1

GMEC:

Goat mammary epithelial cells

HER2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

MEC:

Mammary epithelial cells

MG:

Mammary gland

miRNA:

Microribonucleic acid

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

PPARG:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

SCD1:

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SREBP1:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Herbivore Research Unit -Biomarkers Team, French Institut of Agricultural Research (INRA), St Genès-Champanelle, France

    Christine Leroux, Lenha Mobuchon & Yannick Faulconnier

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Christine Leroux & Bruce German

  3. School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Dragan Milenkovic

  4. Department of Human Nutrition, French Institut of Agricultural Research (INRA), St Genès-Champanelle, France

    Dragan Milenkovic

  5. Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, French Institut of Agricultural Research (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France

    Sandrine Le Guillou & Fabienne Le Provost

Authors
  1. Christine Leroux
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  2. Dragan Milenkovic
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  3. Lenha Mobuchon
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  4. Sandrine Le Guillou
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  5. Yannick Faulconnier
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  6. Bruce German
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  7. Fabienne Le Provost
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Correspondence to Christine Leroux .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Leroux, C. et al. (2019). Nutritional Regulation of Mammary miRNome: Implications for Human Studies. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_88

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_88

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