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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics pp 1915–1932Cite as

Dietary Methylselenocysteine and Epigenetic Regulation of Circadian Gene Expression

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Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element. Methylselenocysteine (MSC) is an organic form of selenium obtained primarily through dietary ingestion. Selenium, especially MSC, showed significant inhibitory effect on mammary tumorigenesis, especially at early stages, in carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor models. However the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythm by shift work or jet lag increases the risk of breast, prostate, and colon cancers. About 10% of genes, including many genes involved in hormone signaling and DNA damage response and repair (DDRR), are under circadian control and as a result show significant oscillation in expression across the day. Recent mechanism studies demonstrated that MSC restored and enhanced circadian expression of major clock genes, especially Period 2 (Per2), and circadian-controlled genes to inhibit mammary tumorigenesis induced by carcinogens in rats. Moreover, MSC restores and enhances circadian gene expression by increasing NAD+/NADH and SIRT1 activity and modulated acetylation of circadian regulatory protein, BMAL1, and histone 3 associated with Per2 gene promoter. This chapter will focus on how the dietary chemopreventive regimen of MSC epigenetically modulates the circadian rhythm at molecular level and how it contributes to its chemopreventive activity.

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Abbreviations

AcBMAL1:

Acetylated BMAL1

AcH3K9:

Acetylated histone 3 lysine 9

CCG:

Circadian-controlled gene

CG:

Circadian (clock) gene

DDRR:

DNA damage response and repair

F344:

Fisher 344 rat strain

MSC:

Methylselenocysteine

NMU:

Nitrosomethylurea

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Helmut Zarbl & Mingzhu Fang

Authors
  1. Helmut Zarbl
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  2. Mingzhu Fang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mingzhu Fang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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© 2019 This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply

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Zarbl, H., Fang, M. (2019). Dietary Methylselenocysteine and Epigenetic Regulation of Circadian Gene Expression. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_63

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_63

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55529-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55530-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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