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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics pp 369–386Cite as

Regulatory Roles of PARP-1 and Lipids in Epigenetic Mechanisms

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Abstract

Epigenetic modifications, reversibly controlling gene expression, are crucial for interpreting the genome under the influence of physiological factors. The basic processes (DNA methylation and histone modification, DNA accessibility, and chromatin structure) which characterize epigenetics are regulated by an orchestrated series of events. The spectrum of these events is becoming wider and wider, increasing the complexity of the interplay between the basic processes and the multiple side mechanisms responsive to environmental stimuli. The “histone code hypothesis” suggests that combinations of different histone modifications may regulate chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Among these modifications, a crucial role is played by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, the reaction catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 widely recognized as a “genome guardian” for driving the repair of damaged DNA. Increasing evidence indicates also that alterations in membrane phospholipid composition and lipid metabolism may play a role in epigenetics. Moreover, a “lipid code” has been proposed since in the nucleus a lipid fraction is present that seems tightly bound to DNA.

This review will analyze these topics and their possible interplay in epigenetic regulation and discuss the relative role of nutritional and environmental challenges.

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Abbreviations

4-HNE:

4-Hydroxynonenale

ADP-ribose:

Adenosine diphosphate ribose

AMPK:

5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

ER:

Estrogen receptor

FASN:

Fatty acid synthase

FOXO1:

Forkhead box protein O1

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

MCF-7:

Michigan cancer foundation-7

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NAD+:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

ncRNA:

Noncoding RNA

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

PAR:

Poly(ADP-ribose)

PARP:

poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase

PKCζ:

Protein kinase C ζ

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

RAF:

Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SIRT1:

Sirtuin 1

SREBP:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Maria Rosaria Faraone-Mennella

  2. Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), CNR, Bologna, Italy

    Annalisa Masi & Carla Ferreri

Authors
  1. Maria Rosaria Faraone-Mennella
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  2. Annalisa Masi
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  3. Carla Ferreri
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Maria Rosaria Faraone-Mennella or Carla Ferreri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Faraone-Mennella, M.R., Masi, A., Ferreri, C. (2019). Regulatory Roles of PARP-1 and Lipids in Epigenetic Mechanisms. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_37

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_37

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55529-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55530-0

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