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Selenoproteins and Epigenetic Regulation in Mammals

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

Abstract

Selenium is an essential mineral. There is a total of 25 mammalian selenoproteins that confer the majority of physiological and pathophysiological functions of selenium. All functionally characterized selenoproteins are oxidoreductases. In humans, extremely low levels of selenium in the body result in classic selenium deficiency diseases, and patients with mutations in genes involved in selenoprotein expression show selenoprotein deficiency and multisystem defects. Recent progress suggests important roles of certain selenoproteins in epigenetic regulation of promoter methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA expressions, and genome stability. Conversely, such epigenetic events can also influence selenoprotein expression. Understanding how selenoproteins function in epigenetic regulations will continue to offer positive impact on selenium regulation toward optimal health.

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Abbreviations

5-mC:

5-methylcytosine

DIO:

Iodothyronine deiodinase

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

lincRNA:

Long intergenic noncoding RNA

miRNA:

MicroRNA

ncRNA:

Noncoding RNA

piRNA:

Piwi-interacting RNA

SBP2:

SECIS-binding protein 2

SECIS:

Selenocysteine insertion sequence

SELENO:

Selenoprotein

SEPHS2:

Selenophosphate synthetase-2

SEPSECS:

Selenocysteine synthase

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

TXNRD:

Thioredoxin reductase

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Acknowledgments

This chapter was partially supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Multistate NE1439, accession no. 1008124, project no. MIS-384050), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, grant no. 114Z875), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Distinguished Young Scholar Program (LR13H020002), and Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (Y20150005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA

    Hsin-Yi Lu & Wen-Hsing Cheng

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Berna Somuncu & Meltem Muftuoglu

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Geriatrics and Neurology at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Jianhong Zhu

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  1. Hsin-Yi Lu
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  2. Berna Somuncu
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  3. Jianhong Zhu
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  4. Meltem Muftuoglu
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  5. Wen-Hsing Cheng
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Correspondence to Wen-Hsing Cheng .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Lu, HY., Somuncu, B., Zhu, J., Muftuoglu, M., Cheng, WH. (2019). Selenoproteins and Epigenetic Regulation in Mammals. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_31

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_31

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