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Formation of Isoprenoids

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Book cover Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

Isoprenoids, also known as terpenoids, are a diverse group of metabolites produced in all free-living organisms. They play an indispensable role in a wide variety of essential processes but also contribute to a better adaptation to the environment in the form of specialized secondary metabolites. In spite of their notable structural and functional diversity, all isoprenoids are synthesized from the same metabolic precursors, which are then converted into prenyl diphosphates of increasing length. Such basic prenyl diphosphate intermediates represent the starting point of downstream pathways leading to the formation of the vast diversity of end products. Here we present an overview of isoprenoid biosynthesis in microbes from the three kingdoms of life, namely, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms (mainly microalgae and yeast), with a special emphasis on the research conducted during the last decade. We also discuss the main functional classes of isoprenoids occurring in these microorganisms by focusing in the representative model organisms of each kingdom. Finally, we examine key research needs in this field. This includes expanding our understanding of secondary isoprenoid metabolism in microbes, examining the evolutionary relationships between the two core biosynthetic pathways and improving our ability to engineer production of industrially useful isoprenoids in microbes.

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Acknowledgments

Research at the authors’ laboratories was supported by a Marie Curie International outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme to JPG, an ERA-IB-2 project funded by the Spanish MINECO (PCIN-2015-103) to MRC, and a Queensland Government Accelerate Fellowship to CEV.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Pérez-Gil & Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción

  2. Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Jordi Pérez-Gil & Claudia E. Vickers

  3. Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water, EcoSciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Claudia E. Vickers

Authors
  1. Jordi Pérez-Gil
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  2. Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
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  3. Claudia E. Vickers
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Correspondence to Jordi Pérez-Gil .

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  1. Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Otto Geiger

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Pérez-Gil, J., Rodríguez-Concepción, M., Vickers, C.E. (2019). Formation of Isoprenoids. In: Geiger, O. (eds) Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50430-8_6

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