Abstract
The major nonpolar lipids occurring in yeast are triacylglycerols and steryl esters. These storage lipids accumulate when cells are provided with an excess of nutrients. As substantial amounts of nonpolar lipids cannot be incorporated into biomembranes, they are sequestered from the cytosolic environment in so-called lipid droplets (lipid particles). Upon requirement storage lipids are mobilized from this compartment by triacylglycerol lipases and steryl ester hydrolases. The respective degradation products serve as energy sources and/or building blocks for membrane formation. In this chapter, the reader is introduced to different mechanisms of triacylglycerol and steryl ester synthesis, storage of these lipids in lipid droplets, and their subsequent mobilization. Finally, major gaps in our current knowledge about nonpolar lipid metabolism and research needs for a better understanding of nonpolar lipid turnover are highlighted.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adeyo O, Horn PJ, Lee S, Binns DD, Chandrahas A, Chapman KD, Goodman JM (2011) The yeast lipin orthologue Pah1p is important for biogenesis of lipid droplets. J Cell Biol 192:1043–1055
Athenstaedt K, Daum G (1999) Phosphatidic acid, a key intermediate in lipid metabolism. Eur J Biochem 266:1–16
Athenstaedt K, Daum G (2011) Lipid storage: yeast we can! Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 113:1188–1197
Athenstaedt K, Jolivet P, Boulard C, Zivy M, Negroni L, Nicaud J-M, Chardot T (2006) Lipid particle composition of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica depends on the carbon source. Proteomics 6:1450–1459
Buhman KK, Smith SJ, Stone SJ, Repa JJ, Wong JS, Knapp FF Jr, Burri BJ, Hamilton RL, Abumrad NA, Farese RV Jr (2002) DGAT1 is not essential for intestinal triacylglycerol absorption or chylomicron synthesis. J Biol Chem 277:25474–25479
Choudhary V, Ojha N, Golden A, Prinz WA (2015) A conserved family of proteins facilitates nascent lipid droplet budding from the ER. J Cell Biol 211:261–271
Czabany T, Wagner A, Zweytick D, Lohner K, Leitner E, Ingolic E, Daum G (2008) Structural and biochemical properties of lipid particles from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 283:17065–17074
Grillitsch K, Connerth M, Köfeler H, Arrey TN, Rietschel B, Wagner B, Karas M, Daum G (2011) Lipid particles/droplets of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revisited: lipidome meets proteome. Biochim Biophys Acta 1811:1165–1176
Grippa A, Buxó L, Mora G, Funaya C, Idrissi FZ, Mancuso F, Gomez R, Muntanyà J, Sabidó E, Carvalho P (2015) The seipin complex Fld1/Ldb16 stabilizes ER-lipid droplet contact sites. J Cell Biol 211:829–844
Henry SA, Kohlwein SD, Carman GM (2012) Metabolism and regulation of glycerolipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 190:317–349
Ivashov VA, Grillitsch K, Köfeler H, Leitner E, Bäumlisberger D, Karas M, Daum G (2013) Lipidome and proteome of lipid droplets from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Biochim Biophys Acta 1831:282–290
Kent C (1995) Eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis. Annu Rev Biochem 64:315–343
Koch B, Schmidt C, Daum G (2014) Storage lipids of yeast: a survey of nonpolar lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Microbiol Rev 38:892–915
Leber R, Zinser E, Zellnig G, Paltauf F, Daum G (1994) Characterization of lipid particles of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 10:1421–1428
Lung SC, Weselake RJ (2006) Diacylglycerol acyltransferase: a key mediator of plant triacylglycerol synthesis. Lipids 41:1073–1088
Markgraf DF, Klemm RW, Junker M, Hannibal-Bach HK, Ejsing CS, Rapoport TA (2014) An ER protein functionally couples neutral lipid metabolism on lipid droplets to membrane lipid synthesis in the ER. Cell Rep 6:44–55
Ploegh H (2007) A lipid-based model for the creation of an escape hatch from the endoplasmic reticulum. Nature 448:435–438
Walther TC, Farese RV Jr (2008) The life of lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:459–466
Wang CW (2015) Lipid droplet dynamics in budding yeast. Cell Mol Life Sci 72:2677–2695
Wang CW, Miao YH, Chang YS (2014) Control of lipid droplet size in budding yeast requires the collaboration between Fld1 and Ldb16. J Cell Sci 127:1214–1228
Wolinski H, Hofbauer HF, Hellauer K, Cristobal-Sarramian A, Kolb D, Radulovic M, Knittelfelder OL, Rechberger GN, Kohlwein SD (2015) Seipin is involved in the regulation of phosphatidic acid metabolism at a subdomain of the nuclear envelope in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta 1851:1450–1464
Acknowledgment
This work was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project P26308 to K. A.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Athenstaedt, K. (2019). Nonpolar Lipids in Yeast: Synthesis, Storage, and Degradation. In: Geiger, O. (eds) Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50430-8_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50430-8_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50429-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50430-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences