Synonyms
Gastric-type adenoma
Definition
Pyloric gland adenomas (PGAs) are localized epithelial neoplastic growths with pyloric differentiation (Park et al. 2012). They were first described in 1976 by Elster but misinterpreted as adenoma-like hyperplasia of mucous glands. In 1990, Borchard et al. published the first characterization of two cases with mucin analysis. Although 85% are found in the stomach, 15% are found in extra-gastric locations (Vieth et al. 2003). Like intestinal-type adenomas, pyloric gland adenomas can arise in a background of autoimmune gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection (Lash et al. 2011). Even if rare, PGAs are precancerous lesions and frequently associated with high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma (Kushima et al. 2006; Vieth et al. 2003).
Clinical Features
Incidence
In one study, in a period of 10 years, pyloric gland adenomas corresponded to 2.7% of all gastric polyps (Vieth et al. 2003).
Age
The peak age at diagnosis is in the seventh decade (73 ±...
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References and Further Reading
Chen, Z. M., Scudiere, J. R., Abraham, S. C., & Montgomery, E. (2009). Pyloric gland adenoma: An entity distinct from gastric foveolar type adenoma. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 33(2), 186–193.
Kushima, R., Vieth, M., Borchard, F., et al. (2006). Gastric-type well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and pyloric gland adenoma of the stomach. Gastric Cancer, 9(3), 177–184.
Lash, R. H., Kinsey, S., Genta, R. M., & Lauwers, G. Y. (2011). Gastric polyps. In D. Tan & G. Y. Lauwers (Eds.), Advances in surgical pathology gastric cancer (pp. 308–309). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Park, J. Y., Fenton, H., Lewin, M., & Dilworth, H. (2012). Epithelial neoplasms of the stomach. In C. A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, E. Montgomary, & J. R. Golblum (Eds.), Gastrointestinal and liver pathology (pp. 148–150). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Vieth, M., Kushima, R., Borchard, F., & Stolte, M. (2003). Pyloric gland adenoma: A clinico-pathological analysis of 90 cases. Virchows Archiv, 442(4), 317–321.
Vieth, M., Kushima, R., Mukaisho, K., Sakai, R., et al. (2010). Immunohistochemical analysis of pyloric gland adenomas using a series of Mucin 2, Mucin 5AC, Mucin 6, CD10, Ki67 and p53. Virchows Archiv, 457(5), 529–536.
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Baldaia, H. (2017). Pyloric Gland Adenoma. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1675
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1675
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