Synonyms
Congestive gastropathy; PHG; Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Definition
In 1985, MacCormack was the first to describe the condition “congestive gastropathy.” Actually, the term “portal hypertensive gastropathy” (PHG) is more frequently used and defines a wide spectrum of diffuse macroscopic lesions that appear in the gastric mucosa of patients with portal hypertension and therefore is commonly found in association to cirrhosis, but can also be found in non-cirrhotic causes of portal hypertension.
The pathogenesis is not well known but venous congestion and increased gastric blood flow in the upper stomach seems to be important factors for its development. It does not seem to be related with acid secretion or Helicobacter pylori presence in the gastric mucosa. Portal hypertension is a prerequisite for the development of PHG and it is defined by an increase in portal pressure gradient to a threshold above approximately 10 mmHg.
Typically, PHG displays a snake-skin mosaic pattern...
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McCormack, T. T., Sims, J., Eyre-Brook, I., et al. (1985). Gastric lesions in portal hypertension: Inflammatory gastritis or congestive gastropathy? Gut, 26, 1226–1232.
Piqué, J. M. (1997). Portal hypertensive gastropathy. Baillière’s Clinical Gastroenterology, 11, 257–270.
Primignani, M., Carpinelli, L., Preatoni, P., et al. (2000). Natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. The New Italian Endoscopic Club for the study and treatment of esophageal varices (NIEC). Gastroenterology, 119, 181–187.
Ripoll, C., & Garcia-Tsao, G. (2011). The management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia. Digestive and Liver Disease, 43, 345–351.
Thuluvath, P. J., & Yoo, H. Y. (2002). Portal hypertensive gastropathy. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 97, 2973–2978.
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Albuquerque, A. (2017). Gastropathy, Portal Hypertension. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1621
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1621
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