Synonyms
Autoimmune chronic gastritis; Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG); Autoimmune-associated gastritis; Type A gastritis
Definition
Autoimmune gastritis is an immune-mediated gastritis, and in its development, anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies are involved. There is typical loss of oxyntic cells in the gastric corpus and fundus. Autoimmune gastritis is characterized by hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, low pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio, and vitamin B12 deficiency that can lead to pernicious anemia. The declining incidence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis parallels a growing clinical focus on autoimmune gastritis.
Hypochlorhydria results from loss of oxyntic mucosa and possibly from the disruption of normal parietal cell maturation. This can already occur in patients with a large number of preserved parietal cells, suggesting that there may be a role for anti-proton pump antibodies or inhibitory lymphokines released by...
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References and Further Reading
Annibale, B., Lahner, E., & Fave, G. D. (2011). Diagnosis and management of pernicious anemia. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 13(6), 518–524.
Odze, R. D., & Goldblum, J. R. (2009). Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Rugge, M., Fassan, M., Pizzi, M., Zorzetto, V., Maddalo, G., Realdon, S., et al. (2012). Autoimmune gastritis: Histology phenotype and OLGA staging. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 35(12), 1460–1466.
Torbenson, M., Abraham, S. C., Boitnott, J., Yardley, J. H., & Wu, T. T. (2002). Autoimmune gastritis: Distinct histological and immunohistochemical findings before complete loss of oxyntic glands. Modern Pathology, 15(2), 102–109.
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van der Post, C.R.S., van Krieken, J.H. (2017). Autoimmune Gastritis. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1609
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1609
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