Synonyms
Anal wart
Definition
Anal condyloma is a benign squamous epithelial lesion caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection.
Several pathways can transmit HPV: sexual contact, autoinoculation, or contact with infected materials. The incubation period usually lasts 2–3 months before the development of condyloma. HPV 6 and 11 are the cause of over 90% of the exophytic anal warts (anal condyloma acuminatum), and they tend to be associated with low-grade dysplastic cellular changes (or anal intraepithelial neoplasia – AIN), and with other low-risk HPV subtypes such as 16 and 39. HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for most of the chronic infections that cause flat squamous lesions, often with high-grade dysplasia, favoring the development of squamous cell carcinoma (with other high-risk subtypes of HPV such as 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 69).
Risk factors for the development of anal or perianal warts are: immunosuppression (iatrogenic on long-term steroids for connective...
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References and Further Reading
Chin-Hong, P. V., & Palefsky, J. M. (2002). Natural history and clinical management of anal human papillomavirus disease in men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 35, 1127–1134.
Longacre, T. A., Kong, C. S., & Welton, M. L. (2008). Diagnostic problems in anal pathology. Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 15, 263–278.
Rock, B., Shah, K. V., & Farmer, E. R. (1992). A morphologic, pathologic, and virologic study of anogenital warts in men. Archives of Dermatology, 128, 495–500.
Scholefield, J. H., Harris, D., & Radcliffe, A. (2011). Guidelines for management of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Colorectal Disease, 13, 3–10.
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Chatelain, D., Fléjou, JF. (2017). Condyloma, Anal. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1448
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1448
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