Abstract
The skin is the first line of defense against contaminant exposure.
Removal of contaminated clothing is a first step to contaminant exposure.
Soap and water wash is the most readily available decontamination method but has its limitations.
Many factors influence decontamination including timing of decontamination and chemical nature of contaminant and decontaminant.
References
Blomet J, Mathieu L, Fosse C, Burgher F (2014) Water-based solutions are the best decontaminating fluids for dermal corrosive exposures: a mini review. Clinical Toxicology 52:149
Bromberg BE, Song IC, Walden RH (1965) Hydrotherapy of chemical burns. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 35:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-196501000-00010
Chan HP, Zhai H, Hui X, Maibach HI (2013) Skin decontamination. Toxicology and Industrial Health 29:955–968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233712448112
Dancik Y, Bigliardi PL, Bigliardi-Qi M (2015) What happens in the skin? Integrating skin permeation kinetics into studies of developmental and reproductive toxicity following topical exposure. Reproductive Toxicology 58:252–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.001
Dreher F, Modjtahedi BS, Modjtahedi SP, Maibach HI (2005) Quantification of stratum corneum removal by adhesive tape stripping by total protein assay in 96-well microplates. Skin Research and Technology 11:97–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2005.00103.x
Feldmann RJ, Maibach HI (1974) Occupational exposure to pesticides: 122–127
Haddad LM, Winchester JF (1998) Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose. Saunders, Philadelphia [u.a]
Hall AH, Maibach HI (2006) Water decontamination of chemical skin/eye splashes: a critical review. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 25:67–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569520600695520
Hui X, Lamel S, Qiao P, Maibach HI (2013) Isolated human and animal stratum corneum as a partial model for the 15 steps of percutaneous absorption: emphasizing decontamination. Journal of Applied Toxicology part II 33:173–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.2826
Maibach HI, Hall A (2014) Chemical skin injury: mechanisms, prevention, decontamination, treatment. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg
Merrick MV, Simpson JD, Liddell S (1982) Skin decontamination – a comparison of four methods. The British Journal of Radiology 55:317–318. https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-317
Moody RP, Maibach HI (2006) Skin decontamination: importance of the wash-in effect. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44:1783–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.020
Nielsen J (2010) Efficacy of skin wash on dermal absorption: an in vitro study on four model compounds of varying solubility. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 83:683–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-010-0546-y
Wester RC, Hui X, Landry T, Maibach HI (1999) In vivo skin decontamination of methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI): soap and water ineffective compared to polypropylene glycol, polyglycol-based cleanser, and corn oil. Toxicological sciences: an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 48:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.toxsci.a034663
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Jiang, A., Maibach, H. (2018). Skin Decontamination. In: John, S., Johansen, J., Rustemeyer, T., Elsner, P., Maibach, H. (eds) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_218-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_218-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40221-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40221-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine