Skip to main content

Laboratory Technicians

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 172 Accesses

Abstract

Laboratory workers run a high risk of occupational dermatitis.

Laboratory technicians are exposed to a great number of chemicals, all of which are considered dangerous to the skin.

Many of the commonly used chemicals are corrosive or irritating to the skin, and some are allergenic.

Sensitization often develops to well-known allergens and also to rare and even to new sensitizers.

Human and animal tissue specimens, and laboratory animals, present additional risks of contact urticaria and skin infections.

Assessing skin exposure in research laboratories is exceptionally difficult because a large number of chemicals and even unknown intermediates may be present.

Contact allergy from accidental exposure to a chemical is often the first clue that the chemical is a potential contact sensitizer.

The use of protective gloves during laboratory work is essential, but disposable gloves are usually only suitable for short-term or occasional handling of chemicals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Bassi N, Beck MH, Fawcett RL (2008) Allergic contact dermatitis from 4-chloro-2-[methylthio]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and methyl 4-hydroxy-2-hexynoate in a laboratory chemist. Contact Dermatitis 58:115–116. ISSN 1600-0536. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18186753

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Basu S, Adisesh A (2013) Management of occupational hazards in healthcare: exposure to diphencyprone. BMJ Case Report. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-008321

    Google Scholar 

  • Boman A, Estlander T, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (eds) (2005) Protective gloves for occupational use, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Botella-Estrada R, Mora E, de la Cuadra J (1992) Hexanediol diacrylate sensitization after accidental occupational exposure. Contact Dermatitis 26:50–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boukhman MP, Maibach HI (1999) Allergic contact dermatitis from tropicamide ophthalmic solution. Contact Dermatitis 41:47–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourrain JL, Morin C, Béani JC et al (1998) Airborne contact dermatitis from cacodylic acid. Contact Dermatitis 38:364–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burden AD, O’Driscoll JB, Page FC et al (1994) Contact hypersensitivity to a new isothiazolinone. Contact Dermatitis 30:179–180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows D, Irvine J (1982) Contact dermatitis to hexylresorcinol. Contact Dermatitis 8:71

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byun JY, Woo JY, Choi YW et al (2013) Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by trifluoroacetic acid in an organic chemistry laboratory. Contact Dermatitis 70:63–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calnan CD, Hill RN (1979) Allergy to diphenyloxazole. Contact Dermatitis 5:269–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camarasa JG, Barnadas M (1982) Occupational dermatosis by vitamin K3 sodium bisulphite. Contact Dermatitis 8:268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Groot AC (2008) Patch testing. Test concentrations and vehicles for 4350 chemicals, 3rd edn. Acdegroot Publishing, Wapserveen

    Google Scholar 

  • De Veylder H, Dooms-Goossens A, Dupre K et al (1986) Airborne dermatitis due to 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine. Contact Dermatitis 15:47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duman Y, Yakupogullari Y, Otlu B et al (2016) Laboratory-acquired skin infection in a clinical microbiologist: is wearing only gloves really safe? Am J Infection Control 22:935–937

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • English JS, Rycroft RJ (1988) Allergic contact dermatitis from methyl heptine and methyl octine carbonates. Contact Dermatitis 18:174–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estlander T, Jolanki R, Kanerva L (1997) Hydroxylammonium chloride as sensitizer in a water laboratory. Contact Dermatitis 36:161–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estlander T, Kanerva L, Tupasela O et al (1998) Occupational contact urticaria and type I sensitization caused by gerbera. Contact Dermatitis 38:118–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox JG (1982) Outbreak of tropical rat mite dermatitis in laboratory personnel. Arch Dermatol 118:676–678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goon AT-J, McFadden JP, McCann M et al (2002) Allergic contact dermatitis from melphalan and chlorambucil: cross-sensitivity or cosensitization? Contact Dermatitis 47:309–310

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon PM, McLelland J (1998) Contact sensitivity to Ancamine 2280 (p-aminocyclohexylamine) following a change in work practice. Contact Dermatitis 38:54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guimaraens D, Gonzales MA, Condé-Salazar L (1994) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from intermediate products in famotidine synthesis. Contact Dermatitis 31:259–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heine A, Schulz B (1985) Allergisches kontaktekzem durch alpha-naphthylsenfol bei einer chemielaborantin (in German). Dermatol Monatsschr 171:201–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoet PH, Brüske-Hohlfeld I, Salata OV (2004) Nanoparticles – known and unknown health risks. J Nanobiotechnology 8:12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen O (1981) Contact allergy to propylene oxide and isopropyl alcohol in a skin disinfectant swab. Contact Dermatitis 7:148–150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen CD, Andersen KE (2003) Allergic contact dermatitis from a paper mill slimicide containing 2-bromo-4′-hydroxyacetophenone. Am J Contact Dermat 14:41–43

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson WM (1981) Occupational factors in coccidioidomycosis. J Occup Med 23:367–374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jolanki R, Estlander T, Kanerva L (1999) Occupational dermatoses among laboratory assistants. Contact Dermatitis 40:166–168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanerva L, Alanko K, Estlander T et al (1997) Occupational allergic contact urticaria from chloramine-T solution. Contact Dermatitis 37:180–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanerva L, Alanko K, Jolanki R et al (1999) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from potassium persulfate. Contact Dermatitis 40:116–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karjalainen A, Mutanen P, Martikainen R et al (1997) Risk of occupational diseases by occupation (in Finnish). In: Karjalainen A, Toikkanen J (eds) Jauhoastmasta sementti-ihottumaan. Ammattitautivaara eri ammateissa v. 1987–91. Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, pp 6–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkup ME, Murphy J, Beck MH et al (2001) Occupational contact sensitization to 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Contact Dermatitis 45:121–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knegt-Junk C, Geursen-Reitsma L, van Joost T (1993) Allergic contact dermatitis from pyridine in Karl Fischer reagent. Contact Dermatitis 28:252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krogsrud NE, Larsen AI (1997) Airborne irritant contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis 36:112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Coz CJ, Caussade P, Bottlaender A (1998) Occupational contact dermatitis from methyl-ter-pyridine in a chemistry laboratory technician. Contact Dermatitis 38:214–215

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindskov R (1982) Contact urticaria to formaldehyde. Contact Dermatitis 8:333–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lübbe D (1993) Professionelle Dinitrochlorbenzol-Kontaktderm atitis. Ein Fälle in der Nitrieranlage eines Chemiewerkes. Dermatosen 41:19–24

    Google Scholar 

  • McAleer MA, Bourke B, Bourke J (2010) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to HBTU [(o-benzotriazole-10yl)-N, N, N′, N,-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate]. Contact Dermatitis 62:123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J (1995) Tuberculosis cutis: Folge einer beruflichen Nadelstichverletzung. Dermatosen 43:279–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JC, Maibach HI (1975) Allergic contact dermatitis from phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride: cross-sensitivity to some related haloalkylamine compounds. Contact Dermatitis 1:363–366

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki T, Watanabe S, Kawasaki M et al (2002) A Japanese case of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae. J Dermatol 29:221–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molina L, Amado A, Mattei PL, Taylor JS (2009) Contact dermatitis from acrylics in a histology laboratory assistant. Dermatitis 20:E11–E12

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monk BE (1988) Contact urticaria to locusts. Br J Dermatol 118:707–708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Driscoll JB, Marcus R, Beck MH (1989) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from triphenyl phosphite. Contact Dermatitis 20:392–393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen NB, Thormann J, Senning A (1980) Occupational contact allergy to bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-methyl chloride. Contact Dermatitis 6:56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price SM, Shupack JL (1978) Allergic contact dermatitis due to N, N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine in bacteriology technicians. Cutis 21:330–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Recke A, Recke AL, Jappe U (2015) Periorbital contact dermatitis caused by octylisothiazolinone in a floor-cleaning agent. Contact Dermatitis 72:337–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rietschel RL, Fowler JF (2008) Fisher’s contact dermatitis, 6th edn. BC Dekker, Hamilton, pp 161–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudzki E, Rebandel P (1990) Dermatitis from methyl 2,3 epoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionate. Contact Dermatitis 23:382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rycroft RJ (1981) Allergic contact dermatitis from laboratory synthesis of 4-bromomethyl-6,8-dimethyl-2(1H)-quinolone. Contact Dermatitis 7:39–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Senff H, Kuhlwein A, Bothe C et al (1988) Allergic contact dermatitis from selenite. Contact Dermatitis 19:73–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Susitaival P, Hannuksela M (1997) Animal and animal products. In: Amin S, Lahti A, Maibach HI (eds) Contact urticaria symdrome. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 95–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobler M, Wüthrich B, Freiburghaus AU (1990) Contact dermatitis from acrylate and methacrylate compounds in Lowicryl embedding media for electron microscopy. Contact Dermatitis 23:96–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Ketel WG (1979) Contact dermatitis from propylene oxide. Contact Dermatitis 5:191–192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Violante FS, Milani S, Malenchini G et al (2005) Chloracne due to o-dichlorobenzene in a laboratory worker. Contact Dermatitis 52:108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waclawski ER, Aldridge R (1995) Occupational dermatitis from the baine and codeine. Contact Dermatitis 33:51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wakelin SH, McFadden JP, Leonard JN et al (1998) Allergic contact dermatitis from d-limonene in a laboratory technician. Contact Dermatitis 38:164–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang MT, Wenger K, Maibach HI (1997) Piperazine diacrylamide allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 37:300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss RR, Mowan C (1998) Contact urticaria from xylene. Am J Contact Dermat 9:125–127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weller R, Ormerod A (1996) Water tester’s dermatitis due to a para-phenylenediamine derivative. Contact Dermatitis 34:138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wigger-Alberti W, Elsner P (1997) Occupational contact dermatitis due to pyritinol. Contact Dermatitis 37:91–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Marwa Hakimi or Howard I. Maibach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Hakimi, M., Jolanki, R., Maibach, H.I. (2018). Laboratory Technicians. In: John, S., Johansen, J., Rustemeyer, T., Elsner, P., Maibach, H. (eds) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_166-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_166-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40221-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40221-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics