Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is essential to gene expression programs necessary for normal embryonic development and maintaining cell functions throughout life. DNA methylation on cytosine nucleotides dictates those gene expression programs. However, the steady state levels and patterns of DNA methylation are maintained through the dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation, and changing either side of the balance will certainly lead to the development of disease. In this chapter, we will briefly discuss recent advances on DNA demethylation and the implications in health and disease.
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Abbreviations
- 5caC:
-
5-carboxylcytosine
- 5fC:
-
5-formylcytosine
- 5hmC:
-
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5mC:
-
5-methylcytosine
- AA:
-
Ascorbic Acid
- AID:
-
Activation induced cytidine deaminase
- AP site:
-
Apurinic/apyrimidinic site, or abasic site
- Apobec:
-
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like
- BER:
-
Base excision repair
- CRISPR/CAS9:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated system 9
- DNMT1:
-
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1
- DNMT3A:
-
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A
- DNMT3B:
-
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B
- IDH:
-
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- MMR:
-
DNA mismatch repair
- SHM:
-
Somatic hypermutation
- TDG:
-
Thymine DNA glycosylase
- TET:
-
Ten eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases
- UNG:
-
Uracil DNA glycosylase
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Zhang, X., Witzig, T.E., Wu, X. (2018). DNA Demethylation and Epigenetics. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_120-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_120-1
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