Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute and Chronic Renal Failure in the Newborn Infant

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Neonatology

  • 122 Accesses

Abstract

Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the most common renal disorders of the newborn. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, ARF is divided into three categories: prerenal (functional), renal (intrinsic), and postrenal (obstructive). ARF may be oliguric or non-oliguric, the latter having a better prognosis. Risk factors for ARF include prematurity, respiratory and vascular disorders, heart failure, congenital uropathies, and administration of nephrotoxic drugs. Chemical analysis of urine and ultrasounds help to differentiate the different forms of ARF. Conservative management of prerenal forms of ARF consists in carefully maintaining fluid and electrolyte balances. Early relief of obstruction is mandatory in severe postrenal forms. Renal replacement therapy is necessary when ARF is secondary to intrinsic renal damage: peritoneal dialysis is the treatment of choice. In newborn infants with chronic renal failure, strict control of electrolyte disorders and anemia as well as adequate nutrition is essential. Overall prognosis of ARF and outcome of CRF are still a source of concern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 479.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

ARF:

Acute renal failure

CRF:

Chronic renal failure

GRF:

Glomerular filtration rate

RRT:

Renal replacement therapy

ELBW:

Extremely low birth weight

References

  • Abitbol CL, Bauer CR, Montane B, Chandar J (2003) Long term followup of ELBW infants with neonatal renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 18:887–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali U, Khubchandani S, Andankar P, Parekhji S et al (2006) Renal tubular dysgenesis associated with in utero exposure to nimuselide. Pediatr Nephrol 26:274–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allegaert K, Vanbole C, DeHoon J, Guignard JP et al (2005) Non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors and glomerular filtration rate in preterm neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1557–1561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Wassia H, Alshaikh B, Sauve R (2013) Prophylactic theophylline for the prevention of severe renal dysfunction in term and post-term neonates with perinatal asphyxia: a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Perinatol 33:271–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreoli SP (2012) Kidney injury in the neonate. In: Oh W, Guignard JP, Baumgart S (eds) Nephrology and fluid/electrolyte physiology: neonatology questions and controversies. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 285–303

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group (2000) Low dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: a placebo controlled trial. Lancet 356:2139–2143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat MA, Shah ZA, Makhdoomi MS, Mufti MH (2006) Theophylline for renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia: a randomized placebo controlled trial. J Pediatr 149:180–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camussi G, Ronco C, Montrucchio G, Picolli G (1998) Role of soluble mediators in sepsis and renal failure. Kidney Int 3:S38–S42

    Google Scholar 

  • Cano FJ, Azocar MA, Guerrero JL, Delucchi MA et al (2007) Intraperitoneal calcitriol in infants on peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 27:651–653

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattarelli D, Spandrio M, Gasparoni A, Bottini R, Offer C, Chirico G et al (2006) A randomized double blind placebo trial of the effect of theophylline in prevention of vasomotor nephropathy in very preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 91(F):80–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier RL (2012) Obstructive uropathy: assessment of renal function in the fetus. In: Oh W, Guignard JP, Baumgart S (eds) Nephrology and fluid/electrolyte physiology: neonatology questions and controversies. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 335–359

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Choker G, Gouyon JB (2004) Diagnosis of acute renal failure in very preterm infants. Biol Neonate 86:212–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daschner M (2005) Drug dosage in children with reduced renal function. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1675–1686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drukker A, Guignard JP (2002) Renal aspects of the term and preterm infant: a selective update. Curr Opin Pediatr 14:175–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubourg L, Drukker A, Guignard JP (2000) Failure of the loop diuretic torasemide to improve renal function of hypoxemic vasomotor nephropathy in the newborn rabbit. Pediatr Res 47:504–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flynn JT (2012) Neonatal hypertension: diagnosis and management. In: Oh W, Guignard JP, Baumgart S (eds) Nephrology and fluid/electrolyte physiology: neonatology questions and controversies. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 251–265

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gallini F, Maggio L, Romagnoli C, Marroco G et al (2000) Progression of renal function in preterm neonates with gestational aged <32 weeks. Pediatr Nephrol 15:119–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gouyon JB, Guignard JP (1988) Theophylline prevents the hypoxemia induced renal hemodynamic changes in rabbits. Kidney Int 33:1078–1083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gouyon JB, Guignard JP (2000) Management of acute renal failure in the newborn. Pediatr Nephrol 14:1037–1044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard JP (2012a) Glomerular filtration rate in neonates. In: Oh W, Guignard JP, Baumgart S (eds) Nephrology and fluid/electrolyte physiology: neonatology questions and controversies. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 117–135

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard JP (2012b) Use of diuretics in the newborn. In: Oh W, Guignard JP, Baumgart S (eds) Nephrology and fluid/electrolyte physiology: neonatology questions and controversies. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 233–250

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard JP, Drukker A (1999) Why do newborns have elevated plasma creatinine levels? Pediatrics 103(4/e):49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard JP, Gouyon JB (1988) Adverse effects of drugs on the immature kidney. Biol Neonate 53:243–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard JP, John G (1986) Renal function in tiny premature infant. Clin Perinatol 13:377–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haffner D, Fischer DC (2009) Growth hormone treatment of infants with chronic kidney disease: requirement, efficacy, and safety. Pediatr Nephrol 24:1097–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna JD, Krieg RJ Jr, Scheinman JI, Chan JC (1996) Effects of uremia on growth in children. Semin Nephrol 16:230–241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hijazi R, Abitbol CL, Chandar J, Seeherunvong W et al (2009) Twenty-five years of infant dialysis: a single center experience. J Pediatr 155:111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunley TE, Kon V (2001) Updates on endothelins-biology and clinical implications. Pediatr Nephrol 16:752–762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenik AG, Cernadas JMC, Gorenstein A, Ramirez JA et al (2000) A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of the effects of prophylactic theophylline on renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Pediatrics 105(4):e-45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlowicz MG, Adelman RD (1995) Non-oliguric and oliguric acute renal failure in asphyxiated newborns. Pediatr Nephrol 9:718–722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kousidis G, Thomas DF, Morgan H, Haider N et al (2008) The long-term outcome of prenatally detected posterior urethral valves: a 10 to 23-year follow-up study. BJU Int 102:1020–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruper JN, Groenweld AB, Slutsky AS, Plotz FB (2005) Mechanical ventilation and acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 33:1408–1415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason B (1994) Teratogen update. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Teratology 50:399–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miall LS, Henderson MJ, Turner AJ, Brownlee KJ et al (1999) Plasma creatinine rises dramatically in the first 48 hours of life in preterm infants. Pediatrics 104:e76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohlsson A, Hosking M (1987) Complications following oral administration of exchange resins in extremely low birth weight infants. Eur J Pediatr 146:571–574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong WH, Guignard JP, Sharma A, Aranda JV (1998) Pharmacological approach to the management of neonatal hypertension. Semin Neonatol 3:149–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otukesh H, Hoseini R, Hooman N, Chalian M et al (2006) Prognosis of acute renal failure in children. Pediatr Nephrol 21:1873–1878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacifici GM (2014) Differential renal adverse effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin in preterm infants: a review. Clin Pharmacol Adv Appl 6:111–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rees L (2008) Management of the neonate with chronic renal failure. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 13:181–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rheault MN, Rajpal J, Chavers B, Nevins TE (2009) Outcomes of infants <28 days old treated with peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 24:2035–2039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MM, Gomez A, Abitbol C, Chandar J (2004) Comparative renal histomorphometry: a case study of oligonephropathy of prematurity. Pediatr Nephrol 20:945–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanna-Cherchi S, Ravani P, Corbani V, Parodi S et al (2009) Renal outcome in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Kidney Int 76:528–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seri I (2006) Hydrocortisone is effective in treatment of vasopressin-resistant hypotension in very low birth weight neonates. J Pediatr 149:422–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subhedar NV, Shaw NJ (2000) Dopamine versus dobutamide for hypotensive preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (2):CD001242

    Google Scholar 

  • Thijs A, Thijs LG (1998) Pathogenesis of renal failure in sepsis. Kidney Int 53(Suppl 66):534–537

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth-Heyn P, Drukker A, Guignard JP (2000) The stressed neonatal kidney: from pathophysiology to clinical management of neonatal vasomotor nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 14:227–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vieux R, Hascoet JM, Mendariu D, Guillemin F (2010) Glomerular filtration rate reference values in very preterm infants. Pediatrics 125(5):e1186–e1192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warady BA, Bunchman T (2000) Dialysis therapy for children with acute renal failure: survey results. Pediatr Nephrol 15:11–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedekin M, Ehrich JH, Offner G, Pape L (2008) Aetiology and outcome of acute and chronic renal failure in infants. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23:1575–1580

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lausanne University Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Jean-Pierre Guignard

  2. Nephrology Division and PICU, BJ Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India

    Uma Sankari Ali

Authors
  1. Jean-Pierre Guignard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Uma Sankari Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Guignard .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Giuseppe Buonocore

  2. Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Rodolfo Bracci

  3. Liverpool Women’s Hospital Neonatal Unit, Liverpool, UK

    Michael Weindling

Section Editor information

  1. University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Michael Weindling

  2. Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK

    Michael Weindling

  3. Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK

    Michael Weindling

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Guignard, JP., Ali, U.S. (2018). Acute and Chronic Renal Failure in the Newborn Infant. In: Buonocore, G., Bracci, R., Weindling, M. (eds) Neonatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29489-6_262

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29489-6_262

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29487-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29489-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation