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Neonatology pp 971–993Cite as

Continuous Positive Airways Pressure and Other Noninvasive Respiratory Techniques in Newborns

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Abstract

Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) is a method of assisted respiration that consists of the application of continuous positive pressure to a spontaneously breathing patient’s airways throughout the entire respiratory cycle. The first use of a CPAP was in the 1930s (Poulton EP, Oxon DM, Lancet 228:981–983, 1936; Bullowa JGH, The management of the Pneumonias. Oxford University Press, New York, 1937; Barach AL, Martin J, Eckman M, Proc Am Soc Clin Invest 16:664–680, 1937), but its first notable application in the neonatal field was in 1971 when CPAP was used in the treatment of RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) in spontaneously breathing newborns undergoing tracheal intubation (Gregory GA, Kittermann JA, Phibbs RH et al. N Engl J Med 284:1333–1340, 1971). Nowadays, nasal CPAP (N-CPAP) is considered a valid approach in the management of respiratory failure of the preterm infant from birth reducing occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and death, without increasing risk of neurological damage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy

    Fabrizio Sandri

  2. Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Infermi, Rimini, Italy

    Gina Ancora

  3. Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy

    Gianluca Lista

  4. Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Luc J. I. Zimmermann

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  1. Fabrizio Sandri
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  2. Gina Ancora
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  3. Gianluca Lista
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  4. Luc J. I. Zimmermann
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Correspondence to Fabrizio Sandri .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Giuseppe Buonocore

  2. Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Rodolfo Bracci

  3. Liverpool Women’s Hospital Neonatal Unit, Liverpool, UK

    Michael Weindling

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Sandri, F., Ancora, G., Lista, G., Zimmermann, L.J.I. (2018). Continuous Positive Airways Pressure and Other Noninvasive Respiratory Techniques in Newborns. In: Buonocore, G., Bracci, R., Weindling, M. (eds) Neonatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29489-6_209

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