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Intramuscular Myxoma

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Pathology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

  • 29 Accesses

Definition

Benign soft tissue tumor composed of benign-appearing spindle cells set in an abundant myxoid hypovascular stroma.

Clinical Features

  • Incidence

    It is a rare tumor. It may occur sporadically or in the context of Mazabraud syndrome (single or multiple intramuscular myxomas associated with monostotic or polyostotic fibrous dysplasia) (Nielsen and Hogendoorn 2013).

  • Age

    It generally affects adult patients, with a peak in the fourth to seventh decades of life.

  • Sex

    Females are more frequently affected than males.

  • Site

    It generally arises in the extremities, especially in the thigh.

  • Treatment

    Simple surgical excision is curative.

  • Outcome

    It is a benign lesion, with a low risk of local recurrence after incomplete surgery. No malignant transformation has been reported (Nielsen and Hogendoorn 2013).

Macroscopy

Size usually ranges between 5 and 10 cm in greatest diameter. The tumor appears well-circumscribed and diffusely gelatinous on cut surface, sometimes featuring fluid-filled cystic...

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References

  • Enzinger, F. M. (1965). Intramuscular myxoma: A review and follow-up study of 34 cases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 43, 104–113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen, M., Höckerstedt, K., Reitamo, J., & Tötterman, S. (1985). Intramuscular myxoma – A clinicopathological study of twenty-three cases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 84(3), 265–272.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, G. P., & Hogendoorn, P. C. W. (2013). Intramuscular myxoma. In C. D. M. Fletcher, J. A. Bridge, P. C. W. Hogendoorn, & F. Mertens (Eds.), World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone (pp. 195–196). Lyon: IARC Press.

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  • Okamoto, S., Hisaoka, M., Ushijima, M., Nakahara, S., Toyoshima, S., & Hashimoto, H. (2000). Activating Gs(alpha) mutation in intramuscular myxomas with and without fibrous dysplasia of bone. Virchows Archiv, 437(2), 133–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Roggen, J. F., McMenamin, M. E., & Fletcher, C. D. (2001). Cellular myxoma of soft tissue: A clinicopathological study of 38 cases confirming indolent clinical behaviour. Histopathology, 39(3), 287–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

    Marco Gambarotti

Authors
  1. Marco Gambarotti
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Gambarotti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NIJMEGEN, The Netherlands

    J.H.J.M. van Krieken

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Gambarotti, M. (2020). Intramuscular Myxoma. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5407-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5407-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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