Definition
Basaloid carcinoma (BC) is an aggressive tumor composed of a monotonous population of small-to medium-sized cells with basophilic cytoplasm resembling basal cells (Cubilla et al. 1998).
Clinical Features
It accounts for 5–10% of penile carcinomas commonly arising in the glans, rarely in the foreskin. BC has a high incidence of nodal metastasis, with more than 50% of cases showing regional metastasis at presentation (Guimarães et al. 2009). The mortality rate due to systemic spread is very high (>60%), and particularly tumors deeply infiltrating the corpora cavernosa with a >10 mm diameter carry a bad prognosis.
Macroscopy
BC presents as a large, ulcerated mass with endophytic, vertical growth deeply penetrating the corpora spongiosa (Fig. 1) and, frequently, the corpora cavernosa. Small foci of yellowish necrosis within the tumor may be present.
Basaloid carcinoma. Cut section showing a deeply invasive nodular ulcerated mass infiltrating the corpora spongiosa and...
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References and Further Reading
Chaux, A., Cubilla, A. L., Haffner, M. C., Lecksell, K. L., Sharma, R., Burnett, A. L., & Netto, G. J. (2014). Combining routine morphology, p16 (INK4a) immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization for the detection of human papillomavirus infection in penile carcinomas: A tissue microarray study using classifier performance analyses. Urologic Oncology, 32(2), 171–177.
Cubilla, A. L., Reuter, V. E., Gregoire, L., Ayala, G., Ocampos, S., Lancaster, W. D., & Fair, W. (1998). Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: A distinctive human papilloma virus-related penile neoplasm: A report of 20 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 22(6), 755–761.
Cubilla, A. L., Lloveras, B., Alejo, M., Clavero, O., Chaux, A., Kasamatsu, E., Velazquez, E. F., Lezcano, C., Monfulleda, N., Tous, S., Alemany, L., Klaustermeier, J., Muñoz, N., Quint, W., de Sanjose, S., & Bosch, F. X. (2010). The basaloid cell is the best tissue marker for human papillomavirus in invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma: A study of 202 cases from Paraguay. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 34(1), 104–114.
Cubilla, A. L., Lloveras, B., Alemany, L., Alejo, M., Vidal, A., Kasamatsu, E., Clavero, O., Alvarado-Cabrero, I., Lynch, C., Velasco-Alonso, J., Ferrera, A., Chaux, A., Klaustermeier, J., Quint, W., de Sanjosé, S., Muñoz, N., & Bosch, F. X. (2012). Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis with papillary features: A clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 36(6), 869–875.
Guimarães, G. C., Cunha, I. W., Soares, F. A., Lopes, A., Torres, J., Chaux, A., Velazquez, E. F., Ayala, G., & Cubilla, A. L. (2009). Penile squamous cell carcinoma clinicopathological features, nodal metastasis and outcome in 333 cases. Journal of Urology, 182(2), 528–534.
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Colecchia, M., Bertolotti, A. (2019). Penile Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4878-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4878-1
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