Skip to main content

Human Dignity in Malta

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 205 Accesses

Abstract

The concept of dignity draws upon roots diffused throughout Malta’s mixed legal system, reflecting the historical influence of the Ius Commune, as modulated through Civilian doctrine and jurisprudence and complemented by British Constitutional principles and Socialist and Liberal ideals. In the colonial period, express legislative references to dignity concerned nonhuman entities, including particular professions and institutions. After Independence in 1964, the concept of human dignity was introduced through three distinct generations of legislation comprising: (a) the Constitution as subsequently complemented by the European Convention of Human Rights Act, (b) postcolonial legislation, and (c) legislative efforts to align Maltese and EU law. Thanks to the activity of the courts and the legislator, various concepts of dignity coexist within Maltese legal discourse and the concept of human dignity has sometimes been broadly applied as synonymous with respect to the intrinsic humanity, identity and equality of all human persons. However, the treatment of informal migrants and undocumented asylum-seekers provides a clear practical counterexample, revealing how the compartmentalised approach to legal interpretation in Malta’s mixed jurisdiction places significant constraints on the possibility of further developing human dignity as a fundamental value underlying all Maltese legislation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Andò B (2011) The role of judges in the development of mixed legal systems: the case of Malta. J Civ Law Stud 4:237–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Andò B, Aquilina K, Scerri-Diacono J, Zammit D (2012) Malta. In: Palmer V (ed) Mixed jurisdictions worldwide: the third legal family, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 528–576

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1958) Towards a Maltese Constitution: a long story of vicissitudes. Roundtable Commonw J Int Aff 48:345–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2018) ‘Good Samaritan’ bill to protect first aiders to be discussed tomorrow in parliament. The Malta Independent, 3 July 2018

    Google Scholar 

  • Aquilina K (2018) Constitutional Law in Malta. Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn

    Google Scholar 

  • Attard DJ (2012) The Maltese legal system, vol I. Malta University Press, Msida

    Google Scholar 

  • Attard DJ (2015) The Maltese legal system, vol II. Malta University Press, Msida

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzopardi J (2004) Police culture in Malta. Dissertation, University of Leicester. http://www.humanrightsmalta.org/uploads/1/2/3/3/12339284/police_culture_malta.pdf. Accessed 13 Aug 2018

  • Bonello G (2004) The Maltese Civil Code: a brief historical introduction. In: Bonello G (ed) Histories of Malta – reflections and rejections, vol 5. Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti, Valletta, pp 190–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonello G (2018a) Misunderstanding the Constitution: a battery of pointless ‘principles’? Sunday Times of Malta, 7 January 2018

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonello G (2018b) Forget your human rights unless you exhaust other remedies? Sunday Times of Malta, 21 January 2018

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonello G (2018c) Misunderstanding the Constitution – 11: are these the daft remedies the Constitution wants? Sunday Times of Malta, 1 April 2018

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonello G (2018d) Misunderstanding the Constitution – 12: legal fictions? Lost in translation? Sunday Times of Malta, 8 April 2018

    Google Scholar 

  • Borg T (2007) Exile of 43 Maltese 60 years ago: one of the most shameful episodes of Malta’s history. http://www.maltamigration.com/news/times89353.shtml. Accessed 13 Aug 2018

  • Borg T (2016) Commentary on the Constitution of Malta. Kite Group, Birkirkara, Malta

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruana Demajo G, Quintano L, Zammit D (2015) Malta. In: Karner E, Steininger B (eds) European Tort Law yearbook 2014. De Gruyter, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruana Demajo G, Quintano L, Zammit D (2016) Malta. In: Karner E, Steininger B (eds) European Tort Law yearbook 2015. De Gruyter, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciappara F (2018) Church-State relations in late eighteenth century Malta: Gio. Nicolo Muscat (1735–1803). Malta University Press, Msida

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremona JJ (1996) Malta and Britain – the early constitutions. Publishers Enterprises Group, San Gwann, Malta

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremona JJ (1997) The Maltese Constitution and constitutional history since 1813. Publishers Enterprises Group, San Gwann, Malta

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremona JJ (2001) Human rights documentation in Malta. Mediterr J Hum Rights 5:153–168. Double Issue

    Google Scholar 

  • De Bono D (2013) ‘Less than human’: the detention of irregular migrants in Malta. Race Class 55:60–81

    Google Scholar 

  • De Gaetano VA (2012) Social rights. http://www.judiciarymalta.gov.mt/documents. Accessed 1 Aug 2018

  • Donlan SP, Andò B, Zammit D (2012) “A happy union?” Malta’s legal hybridity. Tulane Eur Civ Law Forum 27:165–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Donlan SP, Marrani D, Twomey M, Zammit DE (2017) Legal education and the profession in three mixed/micro jurisdictions: Malta, Jersey and Seychelles. In: Butler P, Morris C (eds) Small states in a legal world. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 191–212

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) (2018) Malta intensifies crackdown on rescuing organisations, while deaths in the Mediterranean are on the rise. https://www.ecre.org/malta-intensifies-crackdown-on-rescuing-organisations-while-deaths-in-the-mediterranean-are-on-the-rise. Accessed 28 Aug 2018

  • Farrugia R (2007) The position in Malta juxtaposed to the principles of European Family Law: divorce and maintenance. In: Mair J, Orucu E (eds) Juxtaposing legal systems and the principles of European Family Law. Intersentia, Cambridge, pp 99–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher A, Pistone M, Zammit D (2007) The subject of rights immersed in a “sea of troubles”. Mediterr J Hum Rights 11:9–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganado JM (1947) Maltese Law. J Comp Legis Int Law 29:32–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganado JM (1950) British Public Law and the Civil Law in Malta. Curr Leg Probl 3(1):195–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganado JM (1996) Malta: a microcosm of international influences. In: Örücü E, Attwooll E, Coyle S (eds) Studies in legal systems: mixed and mixing. Kluwer Law International, The Hague, pp 225–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Malta (1920) Government of Malta blue book 1919–1920. Government Printing Press, Valletta

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Malta (1927) Government of Malta blue book 1927. Government Printing Press, Valletta

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding HW (1980) Maltese legal history under British rule (1801–1836). Malta University Press, Msida, Malta

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangion R (2015) Aspects on forces of influence by persons and groups under Malta’s first responsible government. In: Agius E, Scerri H (eds) The quest for authenticity and human dignity. Gutenberg Press, Tarxien, pp 303–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Micallef Grimaud C (2011a) Article 1045 of the Maltese Civil Code: is compensation for moral damage compatible therewith? J Civ Law Stud 4(2):480–513

    Google Scholar 

  • Micallef Grimaud C (2011b) Moral damages outside the ambit of the Maltese Civil Code. Id-Dritt 21:109–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Mifsud I (2015) The Constitution: 50 years of proposals and counter proposals. University of Malta, Msida

    Google Scholar 

  • Mifsud-Bonnici U (2008) Human rights in Maltese legislation. In: Zammit DE (ed) Maltese perspectives on human rights. University of Malta, Msida, pp 99–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Reflections by 100 Academics (2018) Embryo Protection (Amendment) Bill: matters of concern. Report

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadegh I (2018) Third country national. In: Bartolini A, Colcelli V, Cippitani R (eds) Dictionary of statuses within EU Law. Springer, Dordrecht (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadegh I, Zammit DE (2018) Legitimising a Muslim marriage in Malta: navigating legal and normative structures. Oxf J Law Relig 7(3):1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Said-Pullicino J (2001) Malta. In: Blackburn R, Polakiewicz J (eds) Fundamental rights in Europe, the European Convention on Human Rights and its Member States 1950–2000. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 559–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Said Pullicino J (2008) The ombudsman: his role in human rights protection and promotion. In: Zammit DE (ed) Maltese perspectives on human rights. University of Malta, Msida, pp 118–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Savvidis C (2016) Court delay and human rights remedies. Routledge, Oxford/New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Suban R, Zammit DE (2017) Promoting the integration of third-country nationals through the labour market: combating discrimination in employment: the case of third-country nationals in Malta. In: Mediterranean human rights review, vol 1. https://www.um.edu.mt/laws/?a=336450. Accessed 21 Oct 2018

  • Women’s Anti-Discrimination Committee (2004) UN Women’s Anti-Discrimination Committee experts urge Malta to incorporate convention into Domestic Law. https://www.un.org/press/en/2004/wom1456.doc.html. Accessed 19 Aug 2018

  • Zammit EL (1984) A colonial inheritance: Maltese perceptions of work, power and class structure with reference to the labour movement. University of Malta Press, Msida

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (1998) Laws and stories: towards an ethnographic study of Maltese legal representation. Dissertation, University of Durham

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (2002) The case of the ‘Faithful Prostitute’: judicial creativity and family values in a Southern European context. Tijdschrift voor Familie- en Jeugdrecht 1:10–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (2008) Introduction. In: Zammit DE (ed) Maltese perspectives on human rights. University of Malta, Msida, pp 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (2013) Balancing between patronage and professionalism: an ethnographic account of lawyering in Malta. In: Azzopardi J, Formosa S, Scicluna S, Willis A (eds) Key issues in criminology. University of Malta, Msida, pp 65–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (2016a) Does the non cumul rule exist in our civil law? Dike kai nomos 10:55–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (2016b) Vernacularizing Asylum Law in Malta. In: Arnold R, Colcelli V (eds) Europeanization through private law instruments. Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg, pp 73–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE (2018) Subsidiary status. In: Bartolini A, Colcelli V, Cippitani R (eds) Dictionary of statuses within EU Law. Springer International Publishing, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit EL, Brincat M (2006) Malta. In: Blanpain R (ed) Labour Law and industrial relations international encyclopaedia of laws. Kluwer Law International, London & The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE, Grima C (2014) Medical liability and psychological damage in Maltese jurisprudence. In: Ferrari V, Tlokinski W, Zammit DE (eds) Responsabilita Medica ed Organizzazione Sanitaria. Aracne Editrice, Rome, pp 197–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammit DE, Xerri K (2015) “Lease, Locazioni and Kera”: merging legal concepts in postcolonial Malta. In: Farran S, Gallen J, Rautenbach C (eds) The diffusion of law: the movement of laws and norms around the world. Ashgate, London, pp 77–90

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Edward Zammit .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Zammit, D.E., Muscat, M. (2019). Human Dignity in Malta. In: Becchi, P., Mathis, K. (eds) Handbook of Human Dignity in Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27830-8_27-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27830-8_27-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27830-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27830-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Law and CriminologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics