Kidney, Normal Histology

Caliò, Anna; Segala, Diego; Martignoni, Guido

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4836

Anna Caliò⁴,
Diego Segala⁵ &
Guido Martignoni^4,5

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

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Anatomy

The kidneys are paired, bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneum.

Function

Kidneys filter blood in a three-step process: (1) the nephrons filter blood through the capillary network in the glomerulus (glomerular filtration); (2) the filtrate is collected in the renal tubules (tubular reabsorption); and (3) additional solutes and wastes are secreted into the kidney tubules (tubular secretion).

Juxtaglomerular cells are specialized cells located within the afferent arterioles of the kidney which produce renin to control blood pressure.

Size and Weight

Adult kidneys average 150 g and are approximately 12 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 3 cm thick.

Macroscopy

Each kidney consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The medulla has roughly 12 pyramids, with their bases at the corticomedullary junction. A medullary pyramid and its overlying cortex constitute a renal lobe.

Microscopy

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and includes the glomerulus and its tubule, the...

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References and Further Reading

Martignoni, G., Pea, M., Brunelli, M., et al. (2004). CD10 is expressed in a subset of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Modern Pathology, 17, 1455–1463.
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Tong, G. X., Yu, W. M., Beaubier, N. T., et al. (2009). Expression of PAX8 in normal and neoplastic renal tissues: An immunohistochemical study. Modern Pathology, 22, 1218–1227.
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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Anna Caliò & Guido Martignoni
Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
Diego Segala & Guido Martignoni

Authors

Anna Caliò
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Diego Segala
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Guido Martignoni
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guido Martignoni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
Maria Rosaria Raspollini
Pathology Service, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
Antonio Lopez-Beltran
Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgery, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain
Antonio Lopez-Beltran

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Caliò, A., Segala, D., Martignoni, G. (2020). Kidney, Normal Histology. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4836

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4836
Published: 19 June 2020
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41893-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41894-6
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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