Affordable and Clean Energy

1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Are Key to Sustainable Energy Future

   • Babatunde Anifowose, Johana Dunlop, Linda A. Battalora

2. De-risking Investment in Power Projects

   • O. Alabi Ayotomiwa, D. Nwobi Lucy

3. Demand Response: A Nordic Perspective

   • Antti Rautiainen, Pertti Järventausta

4. Digitalization: Enabler of Systemic Energy Efficiency

   • Matti Sommarberg, Karoliina Loikkanen

5. Drivers of Eco-Innovation and Leverage Through Sustainable Business Models

   • Annabeth Aagaard

6. Eco-efficiency: Concept, Indicators and Applications

   • Flávio José Simioni, Flávia Arcari da Silva

7. Ecological Footprint and Sustainable Development: A Two Way Approach

   • Tamali Chakraborty, Barun Kumar Thakur

8. Effectiveness of a Priced Based Mechanism: Comparative Analysis of Price Based and Quantity Based Mechanisms

   • Nkechinyelu Oranye, Ayotomiwa Alabi

9. Electric Mobility: Key Technology to Decarbonize the Economy and Improve Air Quality

   • Joaquim Delgado, Pedro Moura, Aníbal T. de Almeida

10. Electricity Generation from Renewable Resources

    • Sylvester Anani Anaba, Olusanya Elisa Olubusoye

11. Energy and Non-energy-Related Benefits in the Retrofit of the Existing Building Stock

    • Anastasia Fotopoulou, Annarita Ferrante

12. Energy Conservation: Concept and Approaches

    • Norzalina Zainudin, Nor Diana Mohd Idris, Chamhuri Siwar

13. Energy Consumption: Strategies to Foster Sustainable Energy Consumption

    • Pablo A. Egana-delSol

14. Energy Cooperatives in EU and United States: History, Regulations, and Challenges

    • G. Winston Gilcrease, Osman Arrobbio, Alessandro Sciullo

15. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

    • Siti Fairuz Mohd Radzi, Mohd Sayuti Hassan

16. Energy Ethics, Justice and SDG7

    • Giovanni Frigo, Rafaela Hillerbrand

17. Energy Generation: Sources, Challenges and Solutions

    • Trilok Kumar Jain, Nirupa Jain

18. Energy Governance and Institutions (International)

    • Stuart Bruce

19. Energy Infrastructure for Sustainable Development

    • Varun Pandey

20. Energy Internet: Cyber-Physical Deployment of Future Distribution Grids

    • Pedro H. J. Nardelli, Arun Narayanan

The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection.  

The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. The Encyclopedia encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 7, namely "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all” and contains the description of a range of terms, which allow a better understanding and foster knowledge. Energy is crucial for achieving almost all others SDGs, from its role in the eradication of poverty through advancements in health, education, water supply and industrialization, to combating climate change. This book presents a set of papers on the state-of-the-art of knowledge and practices about energy sustainable, in terms of generation and demand energy, considering aspects of innovation, management, sources of energy, performance, society behavior, and infrastructure, among others.

Concretely, the defined targets are: 

• Ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
• Increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
• Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
• Enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
• Expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing states and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support

Editorial Board


Md. Mahmudul Alam, Justin Bishop, Luciana Londero Brandli, Elisa Conticelli, Marcos Antonio Leite Frandoloso, Haruna Musa Moda, Matti Sommarberg

• Sustainability
• Innovation
• Energy
• Research
• Innovation
• Climate Change
• Eco-efficiency
• Renewable Energy
• Engery efficient practices
• Consumption behaviour

• European School of Sustainability, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany

  Walter Leal Filho

• Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

  Anabela Marisa Azul

• Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo, Brazil

  Luciana Brandli

• HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

  Amanda Lange Salvia

• Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  Tony Wall

Walter Leal Filho (BSc, PhD, DSc, DPhil, DEd, DL, DLitt) is a Senior Professor and Head of the Research and Transfer Centre "Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management” at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences in Germany, and Chair of Environment and Technology at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. He is the initiator of the Word Sustainable Development Symposia (WSSD-U) series, and chairs the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme. Professor Leal Filho has written, co-written, edited or co-edited more than 400 publications, including books, book chapters and papers in refereed journals.

Policies and ethics