Abstract
American elm (Ulmus americana) is a valuable and sentimental tree species that was decimated by Dutch elm disease in the mid-20th century. Therefore, any methods for modifying American elm or enhancing disease resistance are significant. This protocol describes transformation and tissue culture techniques used on American elm. Leaf pieces containing the midvein and petiole are used for explants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 is used for transformation, with the binary vector pSE39, containing CaMV35S/nptII as a selectable marker, ACS2/ESF39A as a putative resistance enhancing gene, and CaMV35S/GUS as a reporter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsSpringer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more
References
Sticklen, M.B., Hajela, R.K., Bolyard, M.G., Graham, L.S., and Sherald J.L. (1994) Genetic transformation in Ulmus species (Elms). Biotechnol. Agri Forestry 29, 401–410.
Sherald, J.L., Santamour, Jr., F.S., Hajela, R.K., Hajela, N., Sticklen, M.B. (1994) A Dutch elm disease resistant triploid elm. Can. J. For. Res. 24, 647–653.
Guries, R.P. and Smalley, E.B. (2000) Once and future elms: Classical and molecular approaches to Dutch elm disease resistance In The Elms: Breeding, Conservation, and Disease Management (Dunn, C.P. ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA.
Smucker, S.J. (1944) Rebuilding the American elm. Am. For. 50, 104–107, 137–138.
Powell, W.A., Catranis, C.M., and Maynard C.A. (1995) Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptide Design. Mol. Plant-Microbe Int. 8, 792–794.
Powell, W.A. and Maynard, C.A. (1997). Designing small antimicrobial peptides and their encoding genes. In: Micropropagation, Genetic Engineering, and Molecular Biology of Populus. (Klopfenstein, N.B., Chun, Y.W., Kim, M.-S., and Ahuja, M.R. eds.) USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, pp. 165–172.
Powell, W.A., Catranis, C.M., and Maynard, C.A. (2000) Design of self-processing antimicrobial peptides for plant protection. Lett. App. Microbiol. 31, 163–168.
Liang, H., Catranis, C.M., Maynard, C.A., and Powell, W.A. (2002) Enhanced resistance to the poplar fungal pathogen Septoria musiva, in hybrid poplar clones transformed with genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. Biotechnol. Lett. 24, 383–389.
Connors, B.J., Miller, M., Maynard, C.A., and Powell, W.A. (2002) Cloning and characterization of promoters from American chestnut capable of directing reporter gene expression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Plant Sci. 163, 771–781.
Gautheret, R.J. (1940)Recherehes sur le bourgeonnement du tissue cambial d Ulmus campestris cultive in vitro. C.R. Acad. Sci. 210, 744–746.
Durzan, D.J. and Lopushanski, S.M. (1975) Propagation of American elm via cell suspension cultures. Can. J. For. Res. 5, 273–277.
Biondi, S., Canciani, L., and Bagni, N. (1984) Uptake and translocation of benzyladenine by elm shoots cultured in vitro [Ulmus campestris]. Can. J. Bot. 62, 2385–2390.
Ulrich, J.M., Mickler, R.A., Finkle, B.J., and Karnosky, D.F. (1984) Survival and regeneration of American elm callus cultures after being frozen in liquid nitrogen. Can. J. For. Res. 14, 750–753.
Bolyard, M.G., Srinivasan, C., Cheng, J., and Sticklen, M. (1991b) Shoot regeneration from leaf explants of American and Chinese elm. HortScience: Ame. Soc. Hort. Sci. 26, 1554–1555.
Domir, S.C., Schreiber, L.R., Ichida, J.M., and Eshita, S.M. (1992) Effect of elm selection, explant source and medium composition on growth of Ophiostoma ulmi on callus cultures. J. Environ. Horti. 10, 59–62.
Cheng, Z.-M. and Shi, N.-Q. (1995) Micropropagation of mature Siberian elm in two steps. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 41, 197–199.
Mensuali-Sodi, A., Lucchesini, M., and Mittempergher, L. (1998) Elm tissue culture: micropropagation of clones resistant to Dutch elm disease. Acta Horti. 457, 235–241.
Ben Jouira, H., Hassairi, A., Bigot, C., and Dorion, N. (1998) Adventitious shoot production from strips of stem in the Dutch elm hybrid ‘Commelin’: plantlet regeneration and neomycin sensitivity. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 53, 153–160.
Gartland, J.S., McHugh, A.T., Brasier, C.M., Irvine, R.J., Fenning, T.M., and Gartland, K.M.A. (2000) Regeneration of phenotypically normal English elm (Ulmus procera) plantlets following transformation with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector. Tree Physiology 20, 901–907.
Gartland, J.S., Brasier, C.M., Fenning, T.M., Birch, R., and Gartland, K.M.A. (2001) Ri-plasmid mediated transformation and regeneration of Ulmus procera (English Elm). Plant Growth Reg. 33, 123–129.
Corredoira, E., Vieitez, A.M., and Ballester, A. (2002) Somatic Embryogenesis in Elm. Ann. Botany 89, 637–644.
Biroscikova, M., Spisakova, K., Liptak, S., Pichler, V., and Durkovic, J. (2004) Micropropagation of mature wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.). Plant Cell Rep. 22, 640–644.
Conde, P., Loureiro, J., and Santos, C. (2004) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Ulmus minor Mill. Plant Cell Rep. 22, 632–639.
George, M.W. and Tripepi, R.R. (1994) Cytokinins, donor plants and time in culture affect shoot regenerative capacity of American elm leaves. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture 39, 27–36.
Xing, Z.H., Satchwell, M.F., Powell, W.A., and Maynard, C.A. (1997) Micropropagation of American chestnut: increasing rooting rate and preventing shoot-tip necrosis. In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Plant: J. Tissue Cult Assoc. 33, 43–48.
Fenning, T.M., Tymens, S.S., Gartland, J.S., Brasier, C.M., and Gartland, K.M.A. (1996) Transformation and regeneration of English elm using wild-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Sci. 116, 37–46.
Bolyard, M.G., Hajela, R.K., and Sticklen, M.B. (1991a) Microprojectile and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pioneer elm. J. Arboricul. 17, 34–37.
Gelvin, S.B. and Habeck, L.L. (1990) vir Genes influence conjugal transfer of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 172, 1600–1608.
Li, L., Zhou, Y., Cheng, X., Sun, J., Marita, J., Ralph, J., and Chiang, V. (2003) Combinatorial modification of multiple lignin traits in trees through multigene cotransformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 4939–4944.
Lodhi, M.A., Ye, G-N., Weeden, N.F., and Reisch, B.I. (1994) A simple and efficient method for DNA extraction from grapevine cultivars and Vitis species. Plant Mol. Biol. Report. 12, 6–13.
Trick, H.N. and Finer, J.J. (1997) SAAT: sonication-assisted Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Transgen. Res. 6, 329–336.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Newhouse, A.E., Schrodt, F., Maynard, C.A., Powell, W.A. (2006). American Elm (Ulmus americana). In: Wang, K. (eds) Agrobacterium Protocols Volume 2. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 344. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-131-2:99
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-131-2:99
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-843-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-131-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols