Abstract
A defining hallmark of the type 1 interferons (IFNs) is their ability to interfere with virus replication. As such, viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms to subvert the antiviral effects of interferons. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a large deoxyribonucleic acid virus best known for its ability to cause cold sores in infected individuals. In cultured cells, HSV-1 is relatively resistant to the effects of IFNs. Plaque reduction assays were used to determine that the immediate early HSV-1 gene product ICP0 functions in part to ensure successful replication in the presence of an IFN-induced antiviral response. Northern blot analysis showed that in the absence of ICP0, HSV-1 transcript accumulation is significantly decreased. Finally, nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that ICP0 functions to overcome IFN-induced blocks to virus transcription. The methods used in these studies are described in detail in this section.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Isaacs, A. and Lindenmann, J. (1957) Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc. R. Soc. London Serv. B. 147, 258–267.
Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M., Williams, B. R. G., Silverman, R. H., and Schreiber, R. D. (1998). How cells respond to interferons. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 227–264.
Goodbourne, S., Didcock, L., and Randall, R. E. (2000) Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 2341–2364.
Sen, G. C. (2001) Viruses and interferon. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 55, 255–281.
Mossman, K. L. (2002) Activation and inhibition of virus and interferon: the herpesvirus story. Viral Immunol. 15, 3–15.
Mossman, K. L., Saffran, H. A., and Smiley, J. R. (2000) Herpes simplex virus ICP0 mutants are hypersensitive to interferon. J. Virol. 74, 2052–2056.
Everett, R. D. (2000) ICP0, a regulator of herpes simplex virus during lytic and latent infection. Bioessays 22, 761–70.
Mossman, K. L. and Smiley, J. R. (2002) Herpes Simplex Virus ICP0 and ICP34.5 counteract distinct interferon-induced barriers to virus replication. J. Virol. 76, 1995–1998.
Sambrook, J. and Russell, D. W. (2001) Transcriptional run-on assays, in Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, vol. 3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp. 17.23–17.29.
Srivastava, R. A. and Schonfeld, G. (1998) Measurements of rate of transcription in isolated nuclei by nuclear “run-off” assay. Methods Mol. Biol. 86, 201–207.
Harle, P., Sainz, B., Jr., Carr, D. J., and Halford, W. P. (2002) The immediateearly protein, ICP0, is essential for the resistance of herpes simplex virus to interferon-alpha/beta. Virology 293, 295–304.
Collins, S. E., Noyce, R. S., and Mossman, K. L. (2004) The innate cellular response to virus particle entry requires IRF3 but not virus replication. J. Virol. 78, 1706–1717.
Lin, R., Noyce, R. S., Collins, S. E., Everett, R. D., and Mossman, K. L. (2004) The herpes simplex virus ICP0 RING finger domain inhibits IRF3-and IRF7-mediated activation of interferon-stimulated genes. J. Virol. 78, 1675–1684.
Sambrook, J. and Russell, D. W. (2001) Northern hybridization, in -Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Third ed, vol. 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp. 7.42–7.45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mossman, K. (2005). Analysis of Anti-Interferon Properties of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type I ICP0 Protein. In: Carr, D.J.J. (eds) Interferon Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 116. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-939-7:195
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-939-7:195
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-418-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-939-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols