Skip to main content

Cell Cycle Molecules and Mechanisms of the Budding and Fission Yeasts

  • Protocol
  • 2643 Accesses

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 296))

Abstract

The cell cycles of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe are currently the best understood of all eukaryotes. Studies in these two evolutionarily divergent organisms have identified common control mechanisms, which have provided paradigms for our understanding of the eukaryotic cell cycle. This chapter provides an overview of our current knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms that regulate the mitotic cell cycle in these two yeasts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Murray A. and Hunt, T. (1993) The Cell Cycle: An Introduction, 1st ed. W.H. Freeman, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Burke, D. D. and Stearns, T. (2000) Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory CouHharbor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Moreno, S., Klar, A., and Nurse, P. (1991) Molecular genetic analysis of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Meth. Enzymol. 194, 795–823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Heckman, D. S., Geiser, D. M., Eidell, B. R., Stauffer, R. L., Kardos, N. L., and Hedges, S. B. (2001) Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants. Science 293, 1129–1133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fantes, P. and Beggs, J. (2000) The Yeast Nucleus, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nurse, P. (1990) Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344, 503–508.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. The yeast genome directory. (1997) Nature 387(snsuppl), 5.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wood, V., Gwilliam, R., Rajandream, M. A., et al. (2002) The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 415, 871–880.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pringle, J. R. and Hartwell, L. H. (1981) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle, in The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Life Cycle and Inheritance (J. N. S., eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  10. MacNeill, S. A. and Nurse, P. (1997) Cell cycle control in fission yeast, in Yeast III (Pringle, J. R., Broach, J. and Jones, E. W., eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Labroratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 697–763.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hartwell, L. H., Culotti, J., Pringle, J. R., and Reid, B. J. (1974) Genetic control of the cell division cycle in yeast. Science 183, 46–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lew, D. J., Weinert, T., and Pringle, J. R. (1997) Cell cycle control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces (Pringle,J.R., Roach,J.R., and Jones,E.W., eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 607–695.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nurse, P. (1975) Genetic control of cell size at cell division in yeast. Nature 256, 547–551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nurse, P. and Thuriaux, P. (1977) Controls over the timing of DNA replication during the cell cycle of fission yeast. Exp. Cell. Res. 107, 365–375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hartwell, L. H., Culotti, J., and Reid, B. (1970) Genetic control of the cell-division cycle in yeast. I. Detection of mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66, 352–359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nurse, P., Thuriaux, P., and Nasmyth, K. (1976) Genetic control of the cell division cycle in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Gen. Genet. 146, 167–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Nurse, P. and Thuriaux, P. (1980) Regulatory genes controlling mitosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 96, 627–637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Evans, T., Rosenthal, E. T., Youngblom, J., Distel, D., and Hunt, T. (1983) Cyclin: a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division. Cell 33, 389–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Futcher, B. (1996) Cyclins and the wiring of the yeast cell cycle. Yeast 12, 1635–1646.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fisher, D. and Nurse, P. (1995) Cyclins of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Semin. Cell Biol. 6, 73–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaldis, P. (1999) The cdk-activating kinase (CAK): from yeast to mammals. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 55, 284–296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Saiz, J. E. and Fisher, R. P. (2002) A CDK-activating kinase network is required in cell cycle control and transcription in fission yeast. Curr. Biol. 12, 1100–1105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Espinoza, F. H., Farrell, A., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., and Morgan, D. O. (1996) A cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) in budding yeast unrelated to vertebrate CAK. Science 273, 1714–1717.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gould, K. L. and Nurse, P. (1989) Tyrosine phosphorylation of the fission yeast cdc2+ protein kinase regulates entry into mitosis. Nature 342, 39–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Russell, P. and Nurse, P. (1987) Negative regulation of mitosis by wee1+, a gene encoding a protein kinase homolog. Cell 49, 559–567.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lundgren, K., Walworth, N., Booher, R., Dembski, M., Kirschner, M., and Beach, D. (1991) mik1 and wee1 cooperate in the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2. Cell 64, 1111–1122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Russell, P. and Nurse, P. (1986) cdc25+functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast. Cell 45, 145–153.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Moser, B. A. and Russell, P. (2000) Cell cycle regulation in Schizosaccharomycespombe. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3, 631–636.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Daga, R. R. and Jimenez, J. (1999) Translational control of the cdc25 cell cycle phosphatase: a molecular mechanism coupling mitosis to cell growth.J. Cell Sci. 112, 3137–3146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sia, R. A., Herald, H. A., and Lew, D. J. (1996) Cdc28 tyrosine phosphorylation and the morphogenesis checkpoint in budding yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell. 7, 1657–1666.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Harvey, S. L. and Kellogg, D. R. (2003) Conservation of mechanisms controlling entry into mitosis. Budding yeast wee1 delays entry into mitosis and is required for cell size control. Curr. Biol. 13, 264–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Peter, M. and Herskowitz, I. (1994) Direct inhibition of the yeast cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28-Cln by Far1. Science 265, 1228–1231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mendenhall, M. D., Jones, C. A., and Reed, S. I. (1987) Dual regulation of the yeast CDC28-p40 protein kinase complex: cell cycle, pheromone, and nutrient limitation effects. Cell 50, 927–935.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Calzada, A., Sacristan, M., Sanchez, E., and Bueno, A. (2001) Cdc6 cooperates with Sic1 and Hct1 to inactivate mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases. Nature 412, 355–358.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Moreno, S. and Nurse, P. (1994) Regulation of progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle by the rum1+gene. Nature 367, 236–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schwob, E., Bohm, T., Mendenhall, M. D., and Nasmyth, K. (1994) The B-type cyclin kinase inhibitor p40SIC1 controls the G1 to S transition in S. cerevisiae. Cell 79, 233–244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chang, F. and Herskowitz, I. (1990) Identification of a gene necessary for cell cycle arrest by a negative growth factor of yeast: FAR1 is an inhibitor of a G1 cyclin, CLN2. Cell 63, 999–1011.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Zachariae, W. and Nasmyth, K. (1999) Whose end is destruction: cell division and the anaphase-promoting complex. Genes Dev. 13, 2039–2058.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mendenhall, M. D. (1993) An inhibitor of p34CDC28 protein kinase activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 259, 216–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Schneider, B. L., Yang, Q. H., and Futcher, A. B. (1996) Linkage of replication to start by the Cdk inhibitor Sic1. Science 272, 560–562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Martin-Castellanos, C., Labib, K., and Moreno, S. (1996) B-type cyclins regulate G1 progression in fission yeast in opposition to the p25rum1 cdk inhibitor. EMBO J. 15, 839–849.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Martin-Castellanos, C., and Moreno, S. (1996) Regulation of G1 progression in fission yeast by the rum1+gene product. Prog. Cell Cycle Res. 2, 29–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Breeden, L. (1996) Start-specific transcription in yeast. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 208, 95–127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wittenberg, C., Sugimoto, K., and Reed, S. I. (1990) G1-specific cyclins of S. cerevisiae: cell cycle periodicity, regulation by mating pheromone, and association with the p34CDC28 protein kinase. Cell 62, 225–237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Tyers, M., Tokiwa, G., Nash, R., and Futcher, B. (1992) The Cln3-Cdc28 kinase complex of S. cerevisiae is regulated by proteolysis and phosphorylation. EMBO J. 11, 1773–1784.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Polymenis, M. and Schmidt, E. V. (1997) Coupling of cell division to cell growth by translational control of the G1 cyclin CLN3 in yeast. Genes Dev. 11, 2522–2531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Dirick, L., Bohm, T., and Nasmyth, K. (1995) Roles and regulation of Cln-Cdc28 kinases at the start of the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 14, 4803–4813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Stuart, D. and Wittenberg, C. (1995) CLN3, not positive feedback, determines the timing of CLN2 transcription in cycling cells. Genes Dev. 9, 2780–2794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Jorgensen, P., Nishikawa, J. L., Breitkreutz, B. J., and Tyers, M. (2002) Systematic identification of pathways that couple cell growth and division in yeast. Science 297, 395–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Martin-Castellanos, C., Blanco, M. A., de Prada, J. M., and Moreno, S. (2000) The puc1 cyclin regulates the G1 phase of the fission yeast cell cycle in response to cell size. Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 543–554.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ayte, J., Schweitzer, C., Zarzov, P., Nurse, P., and DeCaprio, J. A. (2001) Feedback regulation of the MBF transcription factor by cyclin Cig2. Nat. Cell Biol. 3, 1043–1050.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Wuarin, J., Buck, V., Nurse, P., and Millar, J. B. (2002) Stable association of mitotic cyclin B/Cdc2 to replication origins prevents endoreduplication. Cell 111, 419–431.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Blanco, M. A., Sanchez-Diaz, A., de Prada, J. M., and Moreno, S. (2000) APC(ste9/srw1) promotes degradation of mitotic cyclins in G(1) and is inhibited by cdc2 phosphorylation. EMBOJ. 19, 3945–3955.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hershko, A. and Ciechanover, A. (1998) The ubiquitin system. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 425–479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tyers, M. and Jorgensen, P. (2000) Proteolysis and the cell cycle: with this RING I do thee destroy. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10, 54–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Willems, A. R., Lanker, S., Patton, E. E., et al. (1996) Cdc53 targets phosphorylated G1 cyclins for degradation by the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. Cell 86, 453–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Henchoz, S., Chi, Y., Catarin, B., Herskowitz, I., Deshaies, R. J., and Peter, M. (1997) Phosphorylation-and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Far1p in budding yeast. Genes Dev. 11, 3046–3060.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Deshaies, R. J., Chau, V., and Kirschner, M. (1995) Ubiquitination of the G1 cyclin Cln2p by a Cdc34p-dependent pathway. EMBO J. 14, 303–312.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Barral, Y., Jentsch, S., and Mann, C. (1995) G1 cyclin turnover and nutrient uptake are controlled by a common pathway in yeast. Genes Dev. 9, 399–409.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Skowyra, D., Craig, K. L., Tyers, M., Elledge, S. J., and Harper, J. W. (1997) F-box proteins are receptors that recruit phosphorylated substrates to the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex. Cell 91, 209–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lanker, S., Valdivieso, M. H., and Wittenberg, C. (1996) Rapid degradation of the G1 cyclin Cln2 induced by CDK-dependent phosphorylation. Science 271, 1597–1601.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Yaglom, J., Linskens, M. H., Sadis, S., Rubin, D. M., Futcher, B., and Finley, D. (1995) p34Cdc28-mediated control of Cln3 cyclin degradation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 731–741.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. King, R. W., Peters, J. M., Tugendreich, S., Rolfe, M., Hieter, P., and Kirschner, M. W. (1995) A 20S complex containing CDC27 and CDC16 catalyzes the mitosis-specific conjugation of ubiquitin to cyclin B. Cell 81, 279–288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Berry, L. D., Feoktistova, A., Wright, M. D., and Gould, K. L. (1999) The Schizosaccharomyces pombe dim1(+) gene interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) component lid1(+) and is required for APC/C function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 2535–2546.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Yamashita, Y. M., Nakaseko, Y., Kumada, K., Nakagawa, T., and Yanagida, M. (1999) Fission yeast APC/cyclosome subunits, Cut20/Apc4 and Cut23/Apc8, in regulating metaphase-anaphase progression and cellular stress responses. Genes Cells 4, 445–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Glotzer, M., Murray, A. W., and Kirschner, M. W. (1991) Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway. Nature 349, 132–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Amon, A., Irniger, S. & Nasmyth, K. (1994) Closing the cell cycle circle in yeast: G2 cyclin proteolysis initiated at mitosis persists until the activation of G1 cyclins in the next cycle. Cell 77, 1037–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Visintin, R., Prinz, S., and Amon, A. (1997) CDC20 and CDH1: a family of substratespecific activators of APC-dependent proteolysis. Science 278, 460–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Schwab, M., Lutum, A. S., and Seufert, W. (1997) Yeast Hct1 is a regulator of Clb2 cyclin proteolysis. Cell 90, 683–693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Kim, S. H., Lin, D. P., Matsumoto, S., Kitazono, A., and Matsumoto, T. (1998) Fission yeast Slp1: an effector of the Mad2-dependent spindle checkpoint. Science 279, 1045–1047.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kitamura, K., Maekawa, H., and Shimoda, C. (1998) Fission yeast Ste9, a homolog of Hct1/Cdh1 and Fizzy-related, is a novel negative regulator of cell cycle progression during G1-phase. Mol. Biol. Cell 9, 1065–1080.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Rudner, A. D. and Murray, A. W. (2000) Phosphorylation by Cdc28 activates the Cdc20dependent activity of the anaphase-promoting complex.J. Cell Biol. 149, 1377–1390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Reimann, J. D., Freed, E., Hsu, J. Y., Kramer, E. R., Peters, J. M., and Jackson, P. K. (2001) Emi1 is a mitotic regulator that interacts with Cdc20 and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex. Cell 105, 645–655.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Zachariae, W., Schwab, M., Nasmyth, K., and Seufert, W. (1998) Control of cyclin ubiquitination by CDK-regulated binding of Hct1 to the anaphase promoting complex. Science 282, 1721–1724.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Jaspersen, S. L., Charles, J. F., and Morgan, D. O. (1999) Inhibitory phosphorylation of the APC regulator Hct1 is controlled by the kinase Cdc28 and the phosphatase Cdc14. Curr. Biol. 9, 227–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Visintin, R., Craig, K., Hwang, E. S., Prinz, S., Tyers, M., and Amon, A. (1998) The phosphatase Cdc14 triggers mitotic exit by reversal of Cdk-dependent phosphorylation. Mol. Cell 2, 709–718.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Huang, J. N., Park, I., Ellingson, E., Littlepage, L. E., and Pellman, D. (2001) Activity of the APC(Cdh1) form of the anaphase-promoting complex persists until S phase and prevents the premature expression of Cdc20p. J. Cell Biol. 154, 85–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Charles, J. F., Jaspersen, S. L., Tinker-Kulberg, R. L., Hwang, L., Szidon, A. & Morgan, D. O. (1998) The Polo-related kinase Cdc5 activates and is destroyed by the mitotic cyclin destruction machinery in S. cerevisiae. Curr. Biol. 8, 497-507.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Cheng, L., Hunke, L., and Hardy, C. F. (1998) Cell cycle regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae polo-like kinase cdc5p. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 7360–7370.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Shirayama, M., Zachariae, W., Ciosk, R., and Nasmyth, K. (1998) The Polo-like kinase Cdc5p and the WD-repeat protein Cdc20p/fizzy are regulators and substrates of the anaphase promoting complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 17, 1336–1349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Guacci, V., Koshland, D., and Strunnikov, A. (1997) A direct link between sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation revealed through the analysis of MCD1 in S. cerevisiae. Cell 91, 47–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Michaelis, C., Ciosk, R., and Nasmyth, K. (1997) Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids. Cell 91, 35–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Uhlmann, F., Lottspeich, F., and Nasmyth, K. (1999) Sister-chromatid separation at anaphase onset is promoted by cleavage of the cohesin subunit Scc1. Nature 400, 37–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ciosk, R., Zachariae, W., Michaelis, C., Shevchenko, A., Mann, M., and Nasmyth, K. (1998) An ESP1/PDS1 complex regulates loss of sister chromatid cohesion at the metaphase to anaphase transition in yeast. Cell 93, 1067–1076.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kumada, K., Nakamura, T., Nagao, K., Funabiki, H., Nakagawa, T., and Yanagida, M. (1998) Cut1 is loaded onto the spindle by binding to Cut2 and promotes anaphase spindle movement upon Cut2 proteolysis. Curr. Biol. 8, 633–641.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Cohen-Fix, O., Peters, J. M., Kirschner, M. W., and Koshland, D. (1996) Anaphase initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by the APC-dependent degradation of the anaphase inhibitor Pds1p. Genes Dev. 10, 3081-3093.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Funabiki, H., Yamano, H., Kumada, K., Nagao, K., Hunt, T., and Yanagida, M. (1996) Cut2 proteolysis required for sister-chromatid seperation in fission yeast. Nature 381, 438–441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Fang, G., Yu, H., and Kirschner, M. W. (1998) Direct binding of CDC20 protein family members activates the anaphase-promoting complex in mitosis and G1. Mol. Cell 2, 163–171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Shirayama, M., Toth, A., Galova, M., and Nasmyth, K. (1999) APC(Cdc20) promotes exit from mitosis by destroying the anaphase inhibitor Pds1 and cyclin Clb5. Nature 402, 203–207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Schwab, M., Neutzner, M., Mocker, D., and Seufert, W. (2001) Yeast Hct1 recognizes the mitotic cyclin Clb2 and other substrates of the ubiquitin ligase APC. EMBO J. 20, 5165–5175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Wasch, R. and Cross, F. R. (2002) APC-dependent proteolysis of the mitotic cyclin Clb2 is essential for mitotic exit. Nature 418, 556–562.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Yamaguchi, S., Okayama, H., and Nurse, P. (2000) Fission yeast Fizzy-related protein srw1p is a G(1)-specific promoter of mitotic cyclin B degradation. EMBO J. 19, 3968–3977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Diffley, J. F., Cocker, J. H., Dowell, S. J., and Rowley, A. (1994) Two steps in the assembly of complexes at yeast replication origins in vivo. Cell 78, 303–316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kearsey, S. E., Montgomery, S., Labib, K., and Lindner, K. (2000) Chromatin binding of the fission yeast replication factor mcm4 occurs during anaphase and requires ORC and cdc18. EMBO J. 19, 1681–1690.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Aparicio, O. M., Weinstein, D. M., and Bell, S. P. (1997) Components and dynamics of DNA replication complexes in S. cerevisiae: redistribution of MCM proteins and Cdc45p during S phase. Cell 91, 59–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Lygerou, Z. and Nurse, P. (1999) The fission yeast origin recognition complex is consti-tutively associated with chromatin and is differentially modified through the cell cycle. J. CellSci. 112, 3703–3712.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Liang, C., Weinreich, M., and Stillman, B. (1995) ORC and Cdc6p interact and determine the frequency of initiation of DNA replication in the genome. Cell 81, 667–676.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Grallert, B. and Nurse, P. (1996) The ORC1 homolog orp1 in fission yeast plays a key role in regulating onset of S phase. Genes Dev. 10, 2644–2654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Donovan, S., Harwood, J., Drury, L. S., and Diffley, J. F. (1997) Cdc6p-dependent loading of Mcm proteins onto pre-replicative chromatin in budding yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 94, 5611–5616.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Tanaka, T., Knapp, D., and Nasmyth, K. (1997) Loading of an Mcm protein onto DNA replication origins is regulated by Cdc6p and CDKs. Cell 90, 649–660.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Ogawa, Y., Takahashi, T., and Masukata, H. (1999) Association of fission yeast Orp1 and Mcm6 proteins with chromosomal replication origins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 7228–7236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Tanaka, S. and Diffley, J. F. (2002) Interdependent nuclear accumulation of budding yeast Cdt1 and Mcm2-7 during G1 phase. Nat. Cell Biol. 4, 198–207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Piatti, S., Lengauer, C., and Nasmyth, K. (1995) Cdc6 is an unstable protein whose de novo synthesis in G1 is important for the onset of S phase and for preventing a’ reductional’ anaphase in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 14, 3788–3799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Baum, B., Nishitani, H., Yanow, S., and Nurse, P. (1998) Cdc18 transcription and proteolysis couple S phase to passage through mitosis. EMBO J. 17, 5689–5698.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Chong, J. P., Mahbubani, H. M., Khoo, C. Y., and Blow, J. J. (1995) Purification of an MCM-containing complex as a component of the DNA replication licensing system. Nature 375, 418–421.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Labib, K. and Diffley, J. F. (2001) Is the MCM2-7 complex the eukaryotic DNA replication fork helicase? Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11, 64–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Tercero, J. A., Labib, K., and Diffley, J. F. (2000) DNA synthesis at individual replication forks requires the essential initiation factor Cdc45p. EMBO J. 19, 2082–2093.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Masai, H., Miyake, T., and Arai, K. (1995) hsk1+, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC7, is required for chromosomal replication. EMBO J. 14, 3094–3104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Kitada, K., Johnston, L. H., Sugino, T., and Sugino, A. (1992) Temperature-sensitive cdc7 mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are suppressed by the DBF4 gene, which is required for the G1/S cell cycle transition. Genetics 131, 21–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Jackson, A. L., Pahl, P. M., Harrison, K., Rosamond, J., and Sclafani, R. A. (1993) Cell cycle regulation of the yeast Cdc7 protein kinase by association with the Dbf4 protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2899–2908.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Yoon, H. J., Loo, S., and Campbell, J. L. (1993) Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC7 function during the cell cycle. Mol. Biol. Cell 4, 195–208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Weinreich, M. and Stillman, B. (1999) Cdc7p-Dbf4p kinase binds to chromatin during S phase and is regulated by both the APC and the RAD53 checkpoint pathway. EMBO J. 18, 5334–5346.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lei, M., Kawasaki, Y., Young, M. R., Kihara, M., Sugino, A., and Tye, B. K. (1997) Mcm2 is a target of regulation by Cdc7-Dbf4 during the initiation of DNA synthesis. Genes Dev. 11, 3365–3374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Nougarede, R., Della Seta, F., Zarzov, P., and Schwob, E. (2000) Hierarchy of S-phasepromoting factors: yeast Dbf4-Cdc7 kinase requires prior S-phase cyclin-dependent kinase activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3795–3806.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Tye, B. K. (1999) MCM proteins in DNA replication. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68, 649–686.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Epstein, C. B. and Cross, F. R. (1992) CLB5: a novel B cyclin from budding yeast with a role in S phase. Genes Dev. 6, 1695–1706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Masumoto, H., Muramatsu, S., Kamimura, Y., and Araki, H. (2002) S-Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of Sld2 essential for chromosomal DNA replication in budding yeast. Nature 415, 651–655.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Calzada, A., Sanchez, M., Sanchez, E., and Bueno, A. (2000) The stability of the Cdc6 protein is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin B complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 9734–9741.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Drury, L. S., Perkins, G., and Diffley, J. F. (2000) The cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28p regulates distinct modes of Cdc6p proteolysis during the budding yeast cell cycle. Curr. Biol. 10, 231–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Nguyen, V. Q., Co, C., and Li, J. J. (2001) Cyclin-dependent kinases prevent DNA rereplication through multiple mechanisms. Nature 411, 1068–1073.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Jallepalli, P. V., Brown, G. W., Muzi-Falconi, M., Tien, D., and Kelly, T. J. (1997) Regulation of the replication initiator protein p65cdc18 by CDK phosphorylation. Genes Dev. 11, 2767–2779.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Vas, A., Mok, W., and Leatherwood, J. (2001) Control of DNA rereplication via Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in the origin recognition complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 5767–5777.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Labib, K., Diffley, J. F., and Kearsey, S. E. (1999) G1-phase and B-type cyclins exclude the DNA-replication factor Mcm4 from the nucleus. Nat. Cell Biol. 1, 415–422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Nguyen, V. Q., Co, C., Irie, K., and Li, J. J. (2000) Clb/Cdc28 kinases promote nuclear export of the replication initiator proteins Mcm2-7. Curr. Biol. 10, 195–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Moll, T., Tebb, G., Surana, U., Robitsch, H., and Nasmyth, K. (1991) The role of phosphorylation and the CDC28 protein kinase in cell cycle-regulated nuclear import of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5. Cell 66, 743–758.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Cocker, J. H., Piatti, S., Santocanale, C., Nasmyth, K., and Diffley, J. F. (1996) An essential role for the Cdc6 protein in forming the pre-replicative complexes of budding yeast. Nature 379, 180–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Hartwell, L. H. and Weinert, T. A. (1989) Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science 246, 629–634.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Weinert, T. A. & Hartwell, L. H. (1988) The RAD9 gene controls the cell cycle response to DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 241, 317–322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Nyberg, K. A., Michelson, R. J., Putnam, C. W., and Weinert, T. A. (2002) Toward maintaining the genome: DNA damage and replication checkpoints. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36, 617–656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Synnes, M., Nilssen, E. A., Boye, E., and Grallert, B. (2002) A novel chk1-dependent G1/ M checkpoint in fission yeast. J. Cell Sci. 115, 3609–3618.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Carr, A. M. (2002) DNA structure dependent checkpoints as regulators of DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 1, 983–994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Edwards, R. J., Bentley, N. J., and Carr, A. M. (1999) A Rad3-Rad26 complex responds to DNA damage independently of other checkpoint proteins. Nat. Cell Biol. 1, 393–398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Paciotti, V., Clerici, M., Lucchini, G., and Longhese, M. P. (2000) The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast. Genes Dev. 14, 2046–2059.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Green, C. M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., and Lowndes, N. F. (2000) A novel Rad24 checkpoint protein complex closely related to replication factor C. Curr. Biol. 10, 39–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Griffiths, D. J., Barbet, N. C., McCready, S., Lehmann, A. R., and Carr, A. M. (1995) Fission yeast rad17: a homologue of budding yeast RAD24 that shares regions of sequence similarity with DNA polymerase accessory proteins. EMBO J. 14, 5812–5823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Caspari, T., Dahlen, M., Kanter-Smoler, G., et al. (2000) Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hus1: a PCNA-related protein that associates with Rad1 and Rad9. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 1254–1262.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Venclovas, C. and Thelen, M. P. (2000) Structure-based predictions of Rad1, Rad9, Hus1 and Rad17 participation in sliding clamp and clamp-loading complexes. Nucleic Acids Res., 2481–2493.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Volkmer, E. & Karnitz, L. M. (1999) Human homologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1, hus1, and rad9 form a DNA damage-responsive protein complex. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 567–570.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Majka, J. and Burgers, P. M. (2003) Yeast Rad17/Mec3/Ddc1: a sliding clamp for the DNA damage checkpoint. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 2249–2254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Tercero, J. A., Longhese, M. P., and Diffley, J. F. (2003) A central role for DNA replication forks in checkpoint activation and response. Mol. Cell. 11, 1323–1336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Tercero, J. A. and Diffley, J. F. (2001) Regulation of DNA replication fork progression through damaged DNA by the Mec1/Rad53 checkpoint. Nature 412, 553–557.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Lopes, M., Cotta-Ramusino, C., Pellicioli, A., et al. (2001) The DNA replication checkpoint response stabilizes stalled replication forks. Nature 412, 557–561.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Sogo, J. M., Lopes, M., and Foiani, M. (2002) Fork reversal and ssDNA accumulation at stalled replication forks owing to checkpoint defects. Science 297, 599–602.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Forbes, K. C., Humphrey, T., and Enoch, T. (1998) Suppressors of cdc25p overexpression identify two pathways that influence the G2/M checkpoint in fission yeast. Genetics 150, 1361–1375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Rhind, N. and Russell, P. (1998) Tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2 is required for the replication checkpoint in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 3782–3787.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Rhind, N., Furnari, B., and Russell, P. (1997) Cdc2 tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the DNA damage checkpoint in fission yeast. Genes Dev. 11, 504–511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Walworth, N. C. and Bernards, R. (1996) rad-dependent response of the chk1-encoded protein kinase at the DNA damage checkpoint. Science 271, 353–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Lindsay, H. D., Griffiths, D. J., Edwards, R. J., et al. (1998) S-phase-specific activation of Cds 1 kinase defines a subpathway of the checkpoint response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Dev. 12, 382–395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Peng, C. Y., Graves, P. R., Thoma, R. S., Wu, Z., Shaw, A. S., and Piwnica-Worms, H. (1997) Mitotic and G2 checkpoint control: regulation of 14-3-3 protein binding by phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine-216. Science 277, 1501–1505.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Zeng, Y., Forbes, K. C., Wu, Z., Moreno, S., Piwnica-Worms, H., and Enoch, T. (1998) Replication checkpoint requires phosphorylation of the phosphatase Cdc25 by Cds1 or Chk1. Nature 395, 507–510.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Graves, P. R., Lovly, C. M., Uy, G. L., and Piwnica-Worms, H. (2001) Localization of human Cdc25C is regulated both by nuclear export and 14-3-3 protein binding. Oncogene 20, 1839–1851.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Lopez-Girona, A., Kanoh, J., and Russell, P. (2001) Nuclear exclusion of Cdc25 is not required for the DNA damage checkpoint in fission yeast. Curr. Biol. 11, 50–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Boddy, M. N., Furnari, B., Mondesert, O., and Russell, P. (1998) Replication checkpoint enforced by kinases Cds1 and Chk1. Science 280, 909–912.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Gardner, R., Putnam, C. W., and Weinert, T. (1999) RAD53, DUN1 and PDS1 define two parallel G2/M checkpoint pathways in budding yeast. EMBO J. 18, 3173–3185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Sanchez, Y., Bachant, J., Wang, H., Hu, F., Liu, D., Tetzlaff, M., and Elledge, S. J. (1999) Control of the DNA damage checkpoint by chk1 and rad53 protein kinases through distinct mechanisms. Science 286, 1166–1171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Cohen-Fix, O. and Koshland, D. (1997) The anaphase inhibitor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pds1p is a target of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 14361–14366.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Wang, H., Liu, D., Wang, Y., Qin, J., and Elledge, S. J. (2001) Pds1 phosphorylation in response to DNA damage is essential for its DNA damage checkpoint function. Genes Dev. 15, 1361–1372.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Li, R. and Murray, A. W. (1991) Feedback control of mitosis in budding yeast. Cell 66, 519–531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Hoyt, M. A., Totis, L., and Roberts, B. T. (1991) S. cerevisiae genes required for cell cycle arrest in response to loss of microtubule function. Cell 66, 507–517.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Weiss, E. and Winey, M. (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body duplication gene MPS1 is part of a mitotic checkpoint. J. Cell Biol. 132, 111–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Brady, D. M. and Hardwick, K. G. (2000) Complex formation between Mad1p, Bub1p and Bub3p is crucial for spindle checkpoint function. Curr. Biol. 10, 675–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Chen, R. H., Brady, D. M., Smith, D., Murray, A. W., and Hardwick, K. G. (1999) The spindle checkpoint of budding yeast depends on a tight complex between the Mad1 and Mad2 proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 10, 2607–2618.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Shah, J. V. and Cleveland, D. W. (2000) Waiting for anaphase: Mad2 and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Cell 103, 997–1000.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Petersen, J. and Hagan, I. M. (2003) S. pombe aurora kinase/survivin is required for chromosome condensation and the spindle checkpoint attachment response. Curr. Biol. 13, 590–597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Biggins, S. and Murray, A. W. (2001) The budding yeast protein kinase Ipl1/Aurora allows the absence of tension to activate the spindle checkpoint. Genes Dev. 15, 3118–3129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Bardin, A. J. and Amon, A. (2001) Men and sin: what’s the difference? Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2, 815–826.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. McCollum, D. and Gould, K. L. (2001) Timing is everything: regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis by the MEN and SIN. Trends Cell Biol. 11, 89–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Visintin, R., Hwang, E. S., and Amon, A. (1999) Cfi1 prevents premature exit from mitosis by anchoring Cdc14 phosphatase in the nucleolus. Nature 398, 818–823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Shou, W., Seol, J. H., Shevchenko, A., et al. (1999) Exit from mitosis is triggered by Tem1-dependent release of the protein phosphatase Cdc14 from nucleolar RENT complex. Cell 97, 233–244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Straight, A. F., Shou, W., Dowd, G. J., et al. (1999) Net1, a Sir2-associated nucleolar protein required for rDNA silencing and nucleolar integrity. Cell 97, 245–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Alexandru, G., Zachariae, W., Schleiffer, A., and Nasmyth, K. (1999) Sister chromatid separation and chromosome re-duplication are regulated by different mechanisms in response to spindle damage. EMBO J. 18, 2707–2721.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Pereira, G., Hofken, T., Grindlay, J., Manson, C., and Schiebel, E. (2000) The Bub2p spindle checkpoint links nuclear migration with mitotic exit. Mol. Cell. 6, 1–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Bardin, A. J., Visintin, R., and Amon, A. (2000) A mechanism for coupling exit from mitosis to partitioning of the nucleus. Cell 102, 21–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Pereira, G., Manson, C., Grindlay, J., and Schiebel, E. (2002) Regulation of the Bfa1pBub2p complex at spindle pole bodies by the cell cycle phosphatase Cdc14p. J. Cell Biol. 157, 367–379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Stegmeier, F., Visintin, R., and Amon, A. (2002) Separase, polo kinase, the kinetochore protein Slk19, and Spo12 function in a network that controls Cdc14 localization during early anaphase. Cell 108, 207–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Luca, F. C., Mody, M., Kurischko, C., Roof, D. M., Giddings, T. H. & Winey, M. (2001) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mob1p is required for cytokinesis and mitotic exit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 6972–6783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Frenz, L. M., Lee, S. E., Fesquet, D., and Johnston, L. H. (2000) The budding yeast Dbf2 protein kinase localises to the centrosome and moves to the bud neck in late mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 113, 3399–3408.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Song, S. and Lee, K. S. (2001) A novel function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC5 in cytokinesis.J. CellBiol. 152, 451–469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Yoshida, S. and Toh-e, A. (2001) Regulation of the localization of Dbf2 and mob1 during cell division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Genet. Syst. 76, 141–147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Schmidt, S., Sohrmann, M., Hofmann, K., Woollard, A., and Simanis, V. (1997) The Spg1p GTPase is an essential, dosage-dependent inducer of septum formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Dev. 11, 1519–1534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Furge, K. A., Wong, K., Armstrong, J., Balasubramanian, M., and Albright, C. F. (1998) Byr4 and Cdc16 form a two-component GTPase-activating protein for the Spg1 GTPase that controls septation in fission yeast. Curr. Biol. 8, 947–954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Fankhauser, C. and Simanis, V. (1994) The cdc7 protein kinase is a dosage dependent regulator of septum formation in fission yeast. EMBO J. 13, 3011–3019.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Sohrmann, M., Schmidt, S., Hagan, I., and Simanis, V. (1998) Asymmetric segregation on spindle poles of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe septum-inducing protein kinase Cdc7p. Genes Dev. 12, 84–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Sparks, C. A., Morphew, M., and McCollum, D. (1999) Sid2p, a spindle pole body kinase that regulates the onset of cytokinesis. J. Cell Biol. 146, 777–790.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Guertin, D. A., Chang, L., Irshad, F., Gould, K. L., and McCollum, D. (2000) The role of the sid1p kinase and cdc14p in regulating the onset of cytokinesis in fission yeast. EMBO J. 19, 1803–1815.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Cueille, N., Salimova, E., Esteban, V., et al. (2001) Flp1, a fission yeast orthologue of the S. cerevisiae CDC 14 gene, is not required for cyclin degradation or rum1p stabilisation at the end of mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 114, 2649–2664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Trautmann, S., Wolfe, B. A., Jorgensen, P., Tyers, M., Gould, K. L., and McCollum, D. (2001) Fission yeast Clp1p phosphatase regulates G2/M transition and coordination of cytokinesis with cell cycle progression. Curr. Biol. 11, 931–940.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Humphrey, T., Pearce, A. (2005). Cell Cycle Molecules and Mechanisms of the Budding and Fission Yeasts. In: Humphrey, T., Brooks, G. (eds) Cell Cycle Control. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 296. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-857-9:003

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-857-9:003

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-144-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-857-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics