Abstract
Behind the exponential expansion of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, there is a continuous and progressive molecular evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. In this regard, the molecular analysis of viral strains infecting several anatomic compartments in humans has become critical to understanding AIDS-related pathologies and to improving emerging therapeutic protocols. Laser capture microdissection provides outstanding results in the genetic analysis of HIV-1 variants detectable in AIDS patients. The ability of the instrument to microdissect infected cells from a heterogeneous tissue compartment allows the investigator to obtain critical information regarding the genetic nature of a specific viral strain. To perform laser capture microdissection with better accuracy, a priori detection techniques may provide useful information about HIV distribution in the tissue specimen. An in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on a serial slide results in a detailed map of the viral infection specific for the case under analysis. The knowledge of HIV distribution in the tissue section is critical for improving the dissection of infected cells by laser capture microscopy. This chapter describes laser capture microdissection and in situ PCR and its role in the analysis of the genetic nature of HIV-1 variants and quasispecies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Autran, B., Carcelain, G., Li, T. S., Blanc, C., Mathez, D., Tubiana, R., et al. (1997) Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+T cell homeo-stasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 277, 112–116.
Chun, T. W., Stuyver, L., Mizell, S. B., Ehler, L. A., Mican, J. A., Baseler, M., et al. (1997) Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 4, 13,193–13197.
Bukrinsky, M. I., Stanwick, T. L., Dempsey, M. P., and Stevenson, M. (1991) Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection. Science 254, 423–427.
Meng, G., Wei, X., Wu, X., Sellers, M. T., Decker, J. M., Moldoveanu, Z., et al. (2002) Primary intestinal epithelial cells selectively transfer R5 HIV-1 to CCR5+ cells. Nat. Med. 8, 150–156.
Lagaye, S., Derrien, M., Menu, E., Coito, C., Tresoldi, E., Mauclere, P., et al. (2001) Cell-to-cell contact results in a selective translocation of maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies across a trophoblastic barrier by both transcytosis and infection. J. Virol. 75, 4780–4791.
Marras, D., Bruggeman, L. A., Gao, F., Tanji, N., Mansukhani, M. M., Cara, A., et al. (2002) Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. Nat. Med. 8, 522–526.
Tanji, N., Ross, M. D., Cara, A., Markowitz, G. S., Klotman, P. E., and D’Agati, V. D. (2001). Effect of tissue processing on the ability to recover nucleic acid from specific renal tissue compartment. Exp. Nephrol. 9, 229–234.
Bruggeman, L. A., Ross, M. D., Tanji, N., Cara, A., Dikman, S., Gordon, R. E., et al. (2000) Renal epithelium is a previously unrecognized site of HIV-1 infection. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11, 2079–2087.
Bagasra, O. and Hansen, J. (1997) In Situ PCR Techniques, Wiley-Liss, New York.
Martinez, A., Miller, M. J., Quinn, K., Unsworth, E. J., Ebina, M., and Cuttitta, F. (1995) Non radioactive localization of nucleic acids by direct in situ PCR and in situ RT-PCR in paraffin embedded sections. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 43, 739–747.
Emmert-Buck, M. R., Bonner, R. F., Smith, P. D., Chuaqui, R. F., Zhuang, Z., Goldstein, S. R., et al. (1996) Laser capture microdissection. Science 274, 998–1001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Marras, D. (2005). Genetic Analysis of HIV by In Situ PCR-Directed Laser Capture Microscopy of Infected Cells. In: Murray, G.I., Curran, S. (eds) Laser Capture Microdissection. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 293. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-853-6:271
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-853-6:271
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-260-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-853-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols