Abstract
Human essential hypertension is a complex, multifactorial, quantitative trait under polygenic control. Despite major recent advances in genome sequencing and statistical tools, the genetic dissection of essential hypertension still provides a formidable challenge. Genetic models of essential hypertension such as the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHRSP) provide the scientist with genetic homogeneity, not possible within a human population, to aid the search for causative genes. The principal strategy in the rat has been the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for blood-pressure regulation by genome-wide scanning. In this chapter we focus on congenic and consomic breeding strategies for the confirmation of QTL and the genetic dissection of the implicated regions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
McBride, M. W., Charchar, F. J., Graham, D., et al. (2004) Functional genomics in rodent models of hypertension. J. Physiol. 554,56–63.
Yamori, Y., Mori, C., Nishio, T., et al. (1979) Cardiac hypertrophy in early hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 44, 964–969.
Conrad, C. H., Brooks, W. W., Robinson, K. G., Bing, O. H. (1991) Impaired myocardial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats with heart failure. Am. J. Physiol. 260,H136–H145.
Jeffs, B., Clark, J. S., Anderson, N., et al. (1997) Sensitivity to cerebral ischemic insult in a rat model of stroke is determined by a single genetic locus. Nat. Genet. 16, 364–367.
Lindsey, J. R. (1979) In The Laboratory Rat. Biology and Diseases (Barker, H. J., Lindsey, J. R., eds.), Academic, New York, Historical foundations, pp. 1–36.
Rapp, J. P. (2000) Genetic analysis of inherited hypertension in the rat. Physiol. Rev. 80, 135–172.
Kwitek-Black, A. E. and Jacob, H. J. (2001) The use of designer rats in the genetic dissection of hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 3, 12–18.
Dominiczak, A. F., Clark, J. S., Jeffs, B., et al. (1998) Genetics of experimental hypertension. J. Hypertens. 16,1859–1869.
Garrett, M. R. and Rapp, J. P. (2002) Multiple blood pressure QTLs on rat chromosome 2 defined by congenic Dahl rats. Mammal. Genome 13, 41–44.
Nadeau, J. H., Singer, J. B., Matin, A., and Lander, E. S. (2000) Analysing complex genetic traits with chromosome substitution strains. Nat. Genet. 24, 221–225.
Negrin, C. D., McBride, M. W., Carswell, H. V. O., et al. (2001) Reciprocal consomic strains to evaluate Y chromosome effects. Hypertension 37, 391–397.
Ely, D. L., Daneshvar, H., Turner, M. E., Johnson, M. L., and Salisbury, R. L. (1993) The hypertensive Y chromosome elevates blood pressure in F11 normotensive rats. Hypertension 21, 1071–1075.
Charchar, F. J., Tomaszewski, M., Strahorn, P., Champagne, B., and Dominiczak, A. F. (2003) Y is there a risk being male? Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14,163–168.
Cowley, A. W. (2003) Genomics and homeostasis. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 284, R611–R627.
Garett, M. R. and Rapp, J. P. (2003) Defining the blood pressure QTL on chromosome 7 in Dahl rats by a 177kb congenic segment containing Cyb1 1b1. Mammal. Genome 14,268–273.
Meng, H., Garrett, M. R., Dene, H., and Rapp, J. P. (2003) Localisation of a blood pressure QTL to a 2.4 cM interval on rat chromosome 9 using congenic strains. Genomics 81, 210–220.
Frantz, S. A., Kaiser, M., Gardiner, S., et al. (1998) Successful isolation of a rat chromosome 1 blood pressure QTL in reciprocal congenic strain. Hypertens. 32, 639–646.
Morel, L., Yu, Y., Blenman, K. R., Caldwell, R. A. and Wakeland, E. K. (1996) Production of congenic mouse strains carrying genomic intervals containing SLE-susceptibility genes derived from the SLE-prone NZM2410 strain. Mammal. Genome 7, 335–339.
Jeffs, B., Negrin, C. D., Graham, D., et al. (2000) Applicability of a speed congenic strategy to dissect blood pressure QTL on rat chromosome 2. Hypertens. 35, 179–187.
Lander, E. S. and Schork, N. J. (1994) Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science 265,2037–2048.
Wakeland, E., Morel, L., Achey, K., Yui, M., and Longmate, J. (1997) Speed congenics: a classic technique in the fast lane (relatively speaking). Immunol. Today 18,472–477.
Markel, P., Shu, P., Ebeling, C., et al. (1997) Theoretical and empirical issues for marker-assisted breeding of congenic mouse strains. Nat. Genet. 17, 280–284.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Graham, D., McBride, M.W., Brain, N.J.R., Dominiczak, A.F. (2005). Congenic/Consomic Models of Hypertension. In: Fennell, J.P., Baker, A.H. (eds) Hypertension. Methods In Molecular Medicine™, vol 108. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-850-1:003
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-850-1:003
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-323-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-850-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols