Summary
Exerimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyleinating disease of the central nervous system that is induced in laboratory animals by the generation of an immune response against myelin epitopes. It has been used as a prototype of Th1-driven, organ-specific autoimmunity and as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. This chapter describes two classic protocols for EAE induction (active immunization and adoptive transfer). Subheading 3.3. describes methods for rating clinical disease in symptomatic animals. Subheading 3.4. includes instructions for the isolation of mononuclear cells from the inflamed spinal cords from mice with EAE.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Raine, C. S., Barnett, L. B., Brown, A., Behar, T., and MFCArlin, D. E. (1980) Neuropathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred strains of mice. Lab. Invest. 43, 150ā157.
Trapp, B. D., Peterson, J., Ransohoff, R. M., Rudick, R., Mork, S., and Bo, L. (1998) Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 278ā285.
Wujek, J. R., Bjartmar, C., Richer, E., Ransohoff, R. M., Yu, M., Tuohy, V. K., et al. (2002) Axon loss in the spinal cord determines permanent neurological disability in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 61, 23ā32.
Baron, J. L., Madri, J. A., Ruddle, N. H., Hashim, G., and Janeway, C. A., Jr. (1993) Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma. J. Exp. Med. 177, 57ā68.
Keith, A. B., Arnon, R., Teitelbaum, D., Caspary, E. A., and Wisniewski, H. M. (1979) The effect of Cop 1, a synthetic polypeptide, on chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. J. Neurol. Sci. 42, 267ā274.
Teitelbaum, D., Arnon, R., Sela, M., and Abramsky, O. (1989) Clinical trial of copolymer 1 in multiple sclerosis. Harefuah 116, 453ā456.
Tubridy, N., Behan, P. O., Capildeo, R., Chaudhuri, A., Forbes, R., Hawkins, C. P., et al. (1999) The effect of anti-alpha4 integrin antibody on brain lesion activity in MS. The UK Antegren Study Group. Neurology 53, 466ā472.
Segal, B. M., Dwyer, B. K., and Shevach, E. M. (1998) An interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 immunoregulatory circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease. J. Exp. Med. 187, 537ā546.
Segal, B. M. and Shevach, E. M. (1996) IL-12 unmasks latent autoimmune disease in resistant mice. J. Exp. Med. 184, 771ā775.
Segal, B. M., Chang, J. T., and Shevach, E. M. (2000) CpG oligonucleotides are potent adjuvants for the activation of autoreactive encephalitogenic T cells in vivo. J. Immunol. 164, 5683ā5688.
Tarrant, T. K., Silver, P. B., Chan, C. C., Wiggert, B., and Caspi, R. R. (1998) Endogenous IL-12 is required for induction and expression of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J. Immunol. 161, 122ā127.
Trembleau, S., Penna, G., Bosi, E., Mortara, A., Gately, M. K., and Adorini, L. (1995a) Interleukin 12 administration induces T helper type 1 cells and accelerates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. J. Exp. Med. 181, 817ā821.
Trembleau, S., Germann, T., Gately, M. K., and Adorini, L. (1995b) The role of IL-12 in the induction of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Immunol. Today 16, 383ā386.
Neurath, M. F., Fuss, I., Kelsall, B. L., Stuber, E., and Strober, W. (1995) Antibodies to interleukin 12 abrogate established experimental colitis in mice. J. Exp. Med. 182, 1281ā1290.
Moiola, L., Galbiati, F., Martino, G., Amadio, S., Brambilla, E., Comi, G., et al. (1998) IL-12 is involved in the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, an antibody-mediated disease. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 2487ā2497.
Matthys, P., Vermeire, K., Mitera, T., Heremans, H., Huang, S., and Billiau, A. (1998) Anti-IL-12 antibody prevents the development and progression of collagen-induced arthritis in IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 2143ā2151.
Malfait, A. M., Butler, D. M., Presky, D. H., Maini, R. N., Brennan, F. M., and Feldmann, M. (1998) Blockade of IL-12 during the induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) markedly attenuates the severity of the arthritis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 111, 377ā383.
Martin, R., MFCArland, H. F., and MFCArlin, D. E. (1992) Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 153ā187.
Linthicum, D. S. (1982) Development of acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: factors regulating the effector phase of the disease. Immunobiology 162, 211ā220.
McRae, B. L. and Miller, S. D. (1994) Fine specificity of CD4+ T cell responses to the dominant encephalitogenic PLP 139ā151 peptide in SJL/J mice. Neurochem. Res. 19, 997ā1004.
Sakai, K., Zamvil, S. S., Mitchell, D. J., Lim, M., Rothbard, J. B., and Steinman, L. (1988) Characterization of a major encephalitogenic T cell epitope in SJL/J mice with synthetic oligopeptides of myelin basic protein. J. Neuroimmunol. 19, 21ā32.
Tan, L. J., Kennedy, M. K., and Miller, S. D. (1992) Regulation of the effector stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via neuroantigen-specific tolerance induction. II. Fine specificity of effector T cell inhibition. J. Immunol. 148, 2748ā2755.
Amor, S., Groome, N., Linington, C., Morris, M. M., Dornmair, K., Gardinier, M. V., et al. (1994) Identification of epitopes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL and Biozzi AB/H mice. J. Immunol. 153, 4349ā4356.
Zamvil, S. S., Mitchell, D. J., Powell, M. B., Sakai, K., Rothbard, J. B., and Steinman, L. (1988) Multiple discrete encephalitogenic epitopes of the autoantigen myelin basic protein include a determinant for I-E class II-restricted T cells. J. Exp. Med. 168, 1181ā1186.
Whitham, R. H., Bourdette, D. N., Hashim, G. A., Herndon, R. M., Ilg, R. C., Vandenbark, A. A., et al. (1991) Lymphocytes from SJL/J mice immunized with spinal cord respond selectively to a peptide of proteolipid protein and transfer relapsing demyelinating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 146, 101ā107.
Zamvil, S. S., Mitchell, D. J., Moore, A. C., Kitamura, K., Steinman, L., and Rothbard, J. B. (1986) T-cell epitope of the autoantigen myelin basic protein that induces encephalomyelitis. Nature 324, 258ā260.
Endoh, M., Rapoport, S. I., and Tabira, T. (1990) Studies of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in old mice. J. Neuroimmunol. 29, 21ā31.
Tuohy, V. K., Sobel, R. A., and Lees, M. B. (1988) Myelin proteolipid proteininduced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Variations of disease expression in different strains of mice. J. Immunol. 140, 1868ā1873.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2004 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Rao, P., Segal, B.M. (2004). Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. In: Perl, A. (eds) Autoimmunity. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 102. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-805-6:363
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-805-6:363
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-231-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-805-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols