Abstract
The power of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in resolving individual proteins in complex mixtures permitted the application of follow-up techniques to identify the separated components. A popular follow-up technique is immunoblotting (often referred to as Western blotting), which is used to identify specific antigens recognized by antibodies (1). Membrane-bound or purified adrenergic receptors (ARs) are solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and reduced with dithiothreitol (DTT). After solubilization, proteins are separated by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels (2). The separated proteins are electrotransferred “blotted” from the gel onto the surface of an inert membrane, such as nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), or nylon membrane. The proteins may be transferred in a tank or by a semidry apparatus to the membrane support (1,3–5). The proteins are immobilized on the surface to become accessible to interaction with immunodetection reagents. To probe for specific antibody–antigen reactions, excess binding sites are blocked by immersing the membrane in a blocking solution containing albumin, nonfat milk, or detergent, such as Tween-20 (6). The membrane is probed with an appropriate dilution of the primary antibody, washed, and the antibody–antigen complexes are tagged with a secondary anti-IgG antibody coupled either to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) (1,7).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Towbin, H., Staehelin, T., and Gordon, G. (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedures and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350–4354.
Dunn, M. J. (1993) Gel Electrophoresis: Proteins. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK.
Gooderham, K. (1984) Transfer techniques in protein blotting, in Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1: Proteins (Walker, J. M., ed.), Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 165–178.
Dunn, M. J. (1996) Electroblotting of proteins from polyacrylamide gels, in Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 59: Protein Purification Protocols (Doonan, S., ed.), Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 363–370.
Peferoen, M. (1988) Blotting with plate electrodes, in Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 3: New Protein Techniques (Walker, J. M., ed.), Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 395–402.
Craig, W. Y., Pollin, S. E., Collins, M. F., Ledure, T. B., and Richie, R. F. (1993) Background staining in immunoblot assays. Reduction of signal caused by cross-reactivity with blocking agents. J. Immunol. Methods 158, 67–76.
Blake, M. S., Johnston, K. H., Russel-Jones, G. J., and Gotsclich, E. C. (1984) A rapid, sensitive method for detection of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antiantibody on western blots. Anal. Biochem. 136, 175–179.
Amersham (1995) ECL™ Western blotting protocols. Buckinghamshire, UK.
Bahouth, S. W. (1994) Effects of chemical and surgical sympathectomy on expression of β-adrenergic receptors and guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in rat submandibular glands. Mol. Pharmacol. 42, 971–981.
Kaufmann, S. H., Ewing, C. M., and Shaper, J. H. (1987) The reusable western blot. Anal. Biochem. 161, 89–95.
Tesfaigzi, J., Smith-Harrison, W., and Carlson, D. M. (1994) A simple method for reusing western blots on PVDF membranes. BioTechniques 17, 268–269.
Pluskal, M. G., Prezekop, M. B., Kavonian, M. R., Vecoli, C., and Hicks, D. A. (1986) Immobilon PVDF transfer membrane: a new membrane substrate for western blotting of proteins. BioTechniques 4, 272–283.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bahouth, S.W. (2000). Western Blot Detection of Adrenergic Receptors. In: Machida, C.A. (eds) Adrenergic Receptor Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 126. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-684-3:301
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-684-3:301
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-602-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-684-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols