Abstract
Affinity chromatography (see Chapter 16) is a powerful protein purification technique that exploits the specific interaction between a biological ligand (e.g., a substrate, coenzyme, hormone, antibody, or nucleic acid) or its synthetic analog and its complementary binding site on a protein. One of the variations on this technique (see refs. 1 and 2 for reviews) was that of affinity precipitation. As in affinity chromatography, the protein binds to a specific ligand, but the latter is free in solution, rather than bound to an insoluble support. Ligand binding results in the precipitation of the protein, which may then be separated by centrifugation. The pellet contains the protein of interest and the ligand, whereas the other components of the mixture remain in the supernatant, allowing easy separation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Irwin, J. A. and Tipton, K. F. (1995) Affinity precipitation: a novel approach to protein purification. Essays Biochem. 29, 137–156.
Gupta, M. N., Kaul, R., Guoqiang, D., Dissing, U., and Mattiasson, B. (1996) Affinity precipitation of proteins. J. Mol. Recogn. 9, 356–359.
Chaga, G. S., Guzman, R., and Porath, J. O. (1997) A new method of synthesizing biopolymeric affinity ligands. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 26, 7–14.
Mori, T., Umeno, D., and Maeda, M. (2001) Sequence-specific affinity precipitation of oligonucleotide using poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-oligonucleotide conjugate. Biotech. Bioeng. 72, 261–268.
Larsson, P.-O., and Mosbach, K. (1979). Affinity precipitation of enzymes. FEBS Lett. 98, 333–338.
Flygare, S., Griffin, T., Larsson, P.-O., and Mosbach, K. (1983) Affinity precipitation of dehydrogenases. Anal. Biochem. 133, 409–416.
Larsson, P.-O., Flygare, S., and Mosbach, K. (1984). Affinity precipitation of dehydrogenases. Methods Enzymol. 104, 364–369
Beattie, R. E., Graham, L. D., Griffin, T. O., and Tipton, K. F. (1985). Purification of NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases by affinity precipitation with adipo-N 2,N 2′-dihydrazido bis-(N 6-carboxymethyl-NAD+) (bis-NAD+) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 12, 433.
Irwin, J. A. and Tipton, K. F. (1995) Resolution of lactate dehydrogenase isoforms by affinity precipitation. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23, 365S.
Beattie, R. E., Buchanan, M., and Tipton, K. F. (1987). The synthesis of N 2,N 2′-adipodihydrazido-bis-(N 6-carboxymethyl-ATP) and its use in the purification of phospho-fructokinase. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 15, 1043–1044.
Larsson, P.-O. and Mosbach, K. (1981). Novel affinity techniques. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 9, 285–287.
Feinstein, A. and Rowe, A. J. (1965) Molecular mechanism of formation of an antigen-antibody complex. Nature 205, 147–149.
O’Carra, P. (1978). Theory and practice of affinity chromatography, in Chromatography of Synthetic and Biological Polymers, vol. 2. (Epton, R., ed.), Ellis Horwood, for the Chemical Society, London, pp. 131–158.
Irwin, J. A. and Tipton K. F. (1996) Affinity precipitation of dehydrogenases with bis-NADH derivatives. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 24, 11S.
Hayet, M and Vijayalakshmi, M. A. (1986). Affinity precipitation of proteins using bis-dyes. J. Chromatogr. 376, 157–161.
Lowe, C. R. and Pearson, J. C. (1983). Bio-mimetic dyes, in Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition (Chaiken, I. M., Wilchek, M., and Parikh, I., eds.), Academic, London, pp. 421–432.
Pearson, J. C, Burton, S. J., and Lowe, C. R. (1986). Affinity precipitation of lactate dehydrogenase with a triazine dye derivative: selective precipitation of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase with a Procion Blue H-B analog. Anal. Biochem. 158, 382–389.
Pearson, J. C, Clonis, Y. D., and Lowe, C. R. (1989) Preparative affinity preparation of l-lactate dehydrogenase. J. Biotechnol. 11, 267–274.
Lilius, G, Persson, M., Bülow, L., and Mosbach, K. (1991) Metal affinityprecipitation of proteins carrying genetically attached polyhistidine affinity tails. Eur. J. Biochem. 198, 499–504.
Van Dam, M. E., Wuenschell, G. E., and Arnold, F. H. (1989). Metal affinity precipitation of proteins. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 11, 492–502.
Schneider, M., Guillot, C, and Lamy, B. (1981) The affinity precipitation technique. Application to the isolation and purification of trypsin from bovine pancreas. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 369, 257–263.
Senstad, C. and Mattiasson, B. (1989) Affinity-precipitation using chitosan as ligand carrier. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 33, 216–220.
Senstad, C. and Mattiasson, B. (1989) Purification of wheat germ agglutinin using affinity flocculation with chitosan and a subsequent centrifugation or flotation step. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 34, 387–393.
Kamihira, M., Kaul, R., and Mattiasson, B. (1992). Purification of recombinant protein A by aqueous two-phase extraction integrated with affinity precipitation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 40, 1381–1387.
Bradshaw, A. P. and Sturgeon, R. J. (1990) The synthesis of soluble polymer-ligand complexes for affinity precipitation studies. Biotechnol. Techn. 4, 67–71
Senstad, C. and Mattiasson, B. (1989). Preparation of soluble affinity complexes by a second affinity interaction: a model study. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 11, 41–48.
Linné, E., Garg, N., Kaul, R., and Mattiasson, B. (1992). Evaluation of alginate as a ligand carrier in affinity precipitation. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 16, 48–56.
Gupta, M. N., Dong, G Q., and Matiasson, B. (1993). Purification of endo-polygalacturonase by affinity precipitation using alginate. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 18, 321–328.
Chen, J. P. and Hoffman, A. S. (1990). Polymer-protein conjugates. II. Affinity precipitation separation of human immunogammaglobulin by a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-protein A conjugate. Biomaterials 11, 631–634.
Eggert, M., Baltes, T, Garret-Flaudy F., and Freitag, R. (1998) Affinity precipitation—an alternative to fluidized bed adsorption? J. Chromatogr. A 827, 269–280.
Garret-Flaudy, F and Freitag, R. (2001) Use of the avidin (imino)biotin system as a general approach to affinity precipitation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 71, 223–234.
Kumar, A., Galaev, I. Y., and Mattiasson, B. (1998) Metal chelate affinity precipitation: a new approach to protein purification. Bioseparation 7, 185–194.
Graham, L. D., Griffin, T. O., Beatty, R. E., McCarthy, A. D., and Tipton, K. F. (1985). Purification of liver glutamate dehydrogenase by affinity precipitation and studies on its denaturation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 828, 266–269.
Bergmeyer, H. U., Graß, M., and Walter, H.-E. (1983), in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol. 2, 3rd ed. (Bergmeyer, H. U., Bergmeyer, J., and Graß, M., eds.), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 126–328.
LaemmLi, U. K (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685.
Mosbach, K, Larsson, P.-O., and Lowe, C. (1976) Immobilized coenzymes. Methods Enzymol. 44, 859–887.
Engel, J. D. (1975) Mechanism of the Dimroth rearrangement in adenine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 64, 581–585.
Buchanan, M. (1988) The synthesis of N 2,N 2′-adipodihydrazido-bis-(N 6-carboxymethyl-NAD+) and N 2,N 2′-adipodihydrazido-bis-(N 6-carboxymethyl-ATP) and subsequent affinity precipitation of enzymes. M.Sc. thesis, University of Dublin.
Beattie, R. E. (1984) The synthesis of N 2,N 2′-adipodihydrazido-bis-(N 6-carboxymethyl-NAD+) and its use in the purification of dehydrogenases. M.Sc. thesis, University of Dublin.
Bückmann, A. F. (1987) A new synthesis of coenzymically active water-soluble macromolecular NAD and NADP derivatives. Biocatalysis 1, 173–186.
Bückmann, A. F. and Wray, V. (1992) A simplified procedure for the synthesis and purification of N 6-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD and tricyclic 1,N 6-ethanoadenine NAD. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 15, 303–310.
Butler, P. J. G. and Thelwall Jones, G. M. (1970) The preparation of alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from baker’s yeast. Biochem. J. 118, 375–378.
McCarthy, A. D., Walker, J. M., and Tipton, K. F. (1980) Purification of glutamate dehydrogenase from ox brain and liver. Evidence that commercially available preparations of the enzyme have suffered proteolytic cleavage. Biochem. J. 191, 605–611.
Phelps, C. (1984), in Techniques in the Life Sciences: Volume B1/1 Supplement, BS 104, Protein and Enzyme Biochemistry (Tipton, K. F, ed.), Elsevier, Dublin, pp 1–16.
Buchanan, M., O’Dea, C. D., Griffin, T O., and Tipton, K. F (1989) Reversible crosslinking of alcohol and lactate dehydrogenases with the bifunctional reagent N 2, N 2′-adipodihydrazido-bis-(N 6-carboxymethyl-NAD+). Biochem. Soc. Trans. 17, 422.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Irwin, J.A., Tipton, K.F. (2004). Affinity Precipitation Methods. In: Cutler, P. (eds) Protein Purification Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 244. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-655-X:205
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-655-X:205
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-067-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-655-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols