Skip to main content

Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea Suspension Cultures

  • Protocol

Part of the book series: Methods In Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 111))

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis is a nonsexual propagation process where somatic cells differentiate into somatic embryos (1). In gymnosperms, somatic embryogenesis was first reported in Picea abies (2,3), but has now been induced in a variety of cycads and conifers (4). The development of somatic embryos is similar in different coniferous species, and in principle, it resembles their zygotic counterparts during development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Bajaj, Y. P S (1995) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 30 Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I Springer Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hakman, I. and von Arnold, S. (1985) Plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Picea abies (Norway spruce). J Plant Physiol 121, 149–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chalupa, V. (1985) Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from cultured immature and mature embryos of Picea abies (L) Karst. Commun Inst For. 14, 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jain, S., Gupta, P, and Newton, R (1995) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Norgaard, J, Duran, V., Johnsen, O., Krogstrup, P, Baldurson, S., and von Arnold, S. (1993) Variations in cryotolerance of embryogenic Picea abies cell lines and the associations to genetic, morphological and physiological factors Can J For Res 23, 2560–2567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Robertson, D., Weissinger, A. K., Ackley, R, Glover, S., and Sederoff, R. R (1992) Genetic transformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) using somatic embryo explants by microprojectile bombardment. Plant Mol Biol 19, 925–935.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bercetche, J., Dinant, M., Matagne, R. F., and Påques, M. (1994) Selection of transformed embryogenic tissues of Picea abies (L.) Karst after microprojectile bombardment, in Abstracts VIHth International Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Firenze, June 12-17, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Charest, P. J., Lachance, D., Devantier, Y, and Klimaszewska, K. (1993) Transient gene expression and stable genetic transformation in Picea mariana (black spruce) and Larix laricines (tamarack), in: Abstracts Fifth International Workshop, IUFRO Working Party S2.04–07, Spain

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ellis, D. D., McCabe, D E., Mclnnes, S., Ramachandran, R., Russell, D. R., and Wallace, K. M. (1993) Stable transformation of Picea glauca by particle acceleration. Bio/Technology 11, 84–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Westcott, R. J. (1994) Production of embryogenic callus from nonembryogenic explants of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst). Plant Cell Rep. 14, 47–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. von Arnold, S and Eriksson, T (1981) In vitro studies of adventitious shoot formation in Pinus contorta Can J Bot 59, 870–874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Egertsdotter, U. (1996) Regulation of somatic embryo development in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bellarosa, R, Mo, L. H., and von Arnold, S (1992) The influence of auxin and cytokinin on proliferation and morphology of somatic embryos of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Ann. Bot 70, 199–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Egertsdotter, U., Mo, L H., and von Arnold, S. (1993) Extracellular proteins in embryogenic suspension cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Physiol Plant 88, 315–321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Egertsdotter, U and von Arnold, S. (1995) Importance of arabinogalactan proteins for the development of somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies) Physiol. Plant 93, 334–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hakman, I. (1993) Embryology in Norway spruce (Picea abies) An analysis of the composition of seed storage proteins and deposition of storage reserves during seed development and somatic embryogenesis. Physiol Plant 87, 148–159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. von Arnold, S. and Hakman, I. (1988) Regulation of somatic embryo development in Picea abies by abscisic acid (ABA). J Plant Physiol. 132, 164–169.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Attree, S. M., Pomeroy, M. K., and Fowke, L. C (1995) Development of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) somatic embryos during culture with abscisic acid and osmoticum, and their tolerance to drying and frozen storage. J Exp. Bot. 285, 433–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Attree, S. M., Pomeroy, M. K., and Fowke, L C. (1992) Manipulations of conditions for the culture of somatic embryos of white spruce for improved tnacylglycerol biosynthesis and desiccation tolerance. Planta 187, 395–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Krogstrup, P (1990) Effect of cellular densities on cell proliferation and regeneration from embryogenic cell suspensions of Picea abies. Plant Sci 72, 115–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Krogstrup, P., Enksen, E. N., M∅ller, J. D., and Roulund, H. (1988) Somatic embryogenesis in sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong ] Carr.). Plant Cell Rep. 7, 594–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tautorus, T. E., Lulsdorf, M. M., Kikcio, S. I, and Dunstan, D. I. (1992) Bioreactor culture of Picea manana Mill (black spruce) and the species complex Picea glauca-engelmannu (interior spruce) somatic embryos Growth parameters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 46–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tautorus, T. E., Lulsdorf, M M, Kikcio, S. I., and Dunstan, D. I. (1994) Nutrient utilization during bioreactor culture, and maturation of somatic embryo culture of Picea manana and Picea glauca-engelmannu. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 30, 58–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Aitken-Christie, J. and Thorpe, T A. (1984) Clonal propagation, gymnosperms in Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants (Vasil, I. K., ed.), Academic, London, pp 82–95.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Litvay, J. D, Johnson, M. A., Verma, D, Einspahr, D., and Weyrauch, K (1981) Conifer suspension culture medium development using analytical data from developing seeds. IPC Technical Paper Series 115, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures Physiol Plant. 15, 473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Egertsdotter, U. (1999). Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea Suspension Cultures. In: Hall, R.D. (eds) Plant Cell Culture Protocols. Methods In Molecular Biology™, vol 111. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-583-9:51

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-583-9:51

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-549-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-583-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics