Abstract
As originally described by Golgi, one consistent anatomical feature of all mammalian and many vertebrate kidneys is that a segment of the distal tubule is firmly attached to the vascular pole of its own glomerulum (1). This attachment is formed early in development, and is maintained throughout the elongation of the proximal convoluted tubule and the descending and ascending limbs of the loops of Henle. In mammalian kidneys, the tubular epithelium at the point of contact is differentiated into a specialized plaque of cells known as the macula densa (MD) cells. The MD cells, together with underlying interstitial cells and glomerular arteriolar smooth-muscle cells, form the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). Another cell type in the JGA are the juxtaglomerular granular cells, modified smooth-muscle cells that are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of renin. The connection between tubule and glomerulum is the structural basis of a functional interaction known as tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) (2). Whenever NaCl concentration at the MD deviates from its normal value, a signaling cascade is initiated that results in a dilatation of the vessel when the NaCl concentration decreases, and a constriction of the vessel when the NaCl concentration increases. Dilatation and constriction of afferent arterioles (AAs) is associated with increases or decreases in the single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) respectively, and these changes usually return MD NaCl toward normal.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Golgi, C. (1889) Annotazioni intorno allľistologia dei reni dellľuomo e di altri mammiferi e sullľistogenesi dei canalicoli oriniferi. Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei 5, 334ā342.
Schnermann, J., Wright, F. S., Davis, J. M., Stackelberg, W. V., and Grill, G. (1970) Regulation of superficial nephron filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular feedback. Pflugers Arch 318, 147ā175.
Briggs, J. (1982) A simple steady-state model for feedback control of glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int. 22, Suppl. 12, S143āS150.
Schnermann, J. and Briggs, J. P. (2000) Function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: control of glomerular hemodynamics and renin secretion, in The Kidney Physiology and Pathophysiology (Seldin, D. W. and Giebisch, G., eds.), Vol. 1, 2 vols. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 945ā980.
Leyssac, P. P. and Baumbach, L. (1983) An oscillating intratubular pressure response to alterations in Henle loop flow in the rat kidney. Acta Physiol. Scand. 117, 415ā419.
Haberle, D. A. and Davis, J. M. (1984) Resetting of tubuloglomerular feedback: evidence for a humoral factor in tubular fluid. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 246, F495āF500.
Briggs, J. P. (1984) Effect of loop of Henle flow rate on glomerular capillary pressure. Ren. Physiol. 7, 311ā320.
Thomson, S. C. and Blantz, R. C. (1993) Homeostatic efficiency of tubulo-glomerular feedback in hydropenia, euvolemia, and acute volume expansion. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 264, F930āF936.
Chou, C. L. and Marsh, D. J. (1987) Measurement of flow rate in rat proximal tubules with a nonobstructing optical method. Am. J. Physiol. 253, F366āF371.
Ito, S. and Carretero, O. A. (1990) An in vitro approach to the study of macula densa-mediated glomerular hemodynamics. Kidney Int. 38, 1206ā1210.
Nashat, F. S., Tappin, J. W., and Wilcox, C. S. (1976) The renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate of anaesthetized dogs during acute changes in plasma sodium concentration. J. Physiol. 256, 731ā745.
Tucker, B. J., Steiner, R. W., Gushwa, L. C., and Blantz, R. C. (1978) Studies on the tubulo-glomerular feedback system in the rat. The mechanism of reduction in filtration rate with benzolamide. J. Clin. Investig. 62, 993ā1004.
Sun, D., Samuelson, L. C., Yang, T., Huang, Y., Paliege, A., Saunders, T., et al. (2001) Mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback by adenosine: Evidence from mice lacking adenosine 1 receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9983ā9988.
Persson, A. E., Gushwa, L. C., and Blantz, R. C. (1984) Feedback pressure-flow responses in normal and angiotensin-prostaglandin-blocked rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 247, F925āF931.
Vallon, V., Blantz, R. C., and Thomson, S. (1995) Homeostatic efficiency of tubuloglomerular feedback is reduced in established diabetes mellitus in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 269, F876āF883.
Vallon, V. and Thomson, S. (1995) Inhibition of local nitric oxide synthase increases homeostatic efficiency of tubuloglomerular feedback. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 269, F892āF899.
Ren, Y. L., Garvin, J. L., Ito, S., and Carretero, O. A. (2001) Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the macula densa. Kidney Int. 60, 1676ā1683.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2003 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Vallon, V., Schnermann, J. (2003). Tubuloglomerular Feedback. In: Goligorsky, M.S. (eds) Renal Disease. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 86. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-392-5:429
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-392-5:429
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-134-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-392-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols