Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family consists of four closely related transmembrane receptors including the EGFR (erbB1), erbB2 (HER2), erbB3 (HER3), and erbB4 (HER4). EGFR (erbB1) was the first member to be described and sequenced (1). The EGFR is a 170 kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein composed of a single polypeptide chain of 1186 amino acids (2,3). The receptor consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane lipophilic segment, and an intracellular tyrosine-kinase (TK) domain (4). Binding of the ligands such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα) to the extracellular ligand-binding domain results in receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic TK activity and autophosphorylation of the receptor (2). These effects lead to activation of a signal transduction cascade of biochemical and physiological changes that culminate in DNA synthesis, cell division, and inhibition of apoptosis (2).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ullrich, A., Conssens, L., Hayflick, J. S., et al. (1984) Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature 309, 418–425.
Carpenter, G. and Cohen, S. (1990) Epidermal growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7709–7712.
Wells, A. (1999) EGF receptor. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 31, 637–643.
Ullrich, A. and Schlessinger, J. (1990) Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 61, 203–212.
Wells, A. (2000) Tumor invasion: role of growth factor-induced cell motility. Adv. Cancer Res. 78, 31–101.
Khazaie, K., Schirrmacher, V., and Lichtner, R. B. (1993) EGF receptor in neoplasia and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 12, 255–274.
Salomon D. S., Brandt R, Ciardiello F., and Normanno, N. (1995) Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 19, 183–232.
Ebert, A., Wechselberger, C., Martinez-Lacaci, I., Bianco, C., Weitzel, H. K., and Salomon, D. S. (2000) Expression and function of EGF-related peptides and their receptors in gynecological cancer—from basic science to therapy. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 20, 1–46.
Wikstrand, C. and Bigner, D. (1998) Prognostic applications of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligand, transfroming growth factor-alfa. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90, 799–800.
He, Y., Zeng, Q., Drenning, S. D., Melhem, M. F., et al. (1998) Inhibition of human squamous cell carcinoma growth in vivo by epidermal growth factor receptor antisense RNA transcribed from the U6 promoter. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90, 1080–1087.
Redemann, N., Holzmann, B., von Ruden, T., Wagner, E. F., Schlessinger, J., and Ullrich, A. (1992) Anti-oncogenic activity of signalling-defective epidermal growth receptor mutants. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 491–498.
Mendelsohn, J. (1997) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition by a monoclonal antibody as anticancer therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 3, 2703–2707.
Bos, M., Mendelsohn, J., Kim, Y. M., Albanell, J., Fry, D. W., and Baselga, J. (1997) PD153035, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prevents epidermal growth factor receptor activation and inhibits growth of cancer cells in a receptor number-dependent manner. Clin. Cancer Res. 3, 2099–2106.
Noonberg, S. and Benz, C. (2000) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor subfamily: role as anticancer agents. Drugs 59, 753–767.
Lawrence, D. and Niu, J. (1998) Protein kinase inhibitors: the tyrosine-specific protein kinases. Pharmacol. Ther. 77, 81–114.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Malik, S.N., Bedolla, R.G., Hidalgo, M., Brattain, M.G., Kreisberg, J.I. (2003). Immunohistochemical Determination of EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Clinical Samples. In: Buolamwini, J.K., Adjei, A.A. (eds) Novel Anticancer Drug Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 85. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-380-1:135
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-380-1:135
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-963-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-380-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols