Abstract
The ability of DNA ligases to join nucleic acids is strongly influenced by mismatches in the ligation substrates (1–3). This mechanism has been exploited in a number of assays where the ability of oligonuleotide probes to be ligated reflects the genotype of the target molecules. This chapter will describe two protocols for solid-phase detection of reaction products in the oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA), although there are several other detection schemes in use. However, the general considerations of ligase-based sequence distinction are the same, and they will be described in some detail.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Landegren, U., Kaiser, R., Sanders, J., and Hood, L. (1988) A ligasemediated gene detection technique. Science 241, 1077–1080.
Alves, A. M. and Carr, F. J. (1988) Dot blot detection of point mutations with adjacently hybridising synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 8723.
Wu, D. Y. and Wallace, R. B. (1989) The ligation amplification reaction (LAR): amplification of specific DNA sequences using sequential rounds of template-dependent ligation. Genomics 4, 560–569.
Grossman, P. D., Bloch, W., Brinson, E., Chang, C. C., Eggerding, F. A., Fung, S., et al. (1994) High-density multiplex detection of nucleic acid sequences: oligonucleotide ligation assay and sequence-coded separation. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4527–4534.
Gerry, N. P., Witowski, N. E., Day, J., Hammer, R. P., Barany, G., and Barany, F. (1999) Universal DNA microarray method for multiplex detection of low abundance point mutations. J. Mol. Biol. 292, 251–262.
Iannone, M. A., Taylor, J. D., Chen, J., Li, M. S., Rivers, P., SlentzKesler, K. A., and Weiner, M. P. (2000) Multiplexed single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by oligonucleotide ligation and flow cytometry. Cytometry 39, 131–140.
Chen, X., Livak, K. J., and Kwok, P.-Y. (1998) A homogenous, ligase-mediated DNA diagnostic test for genome analysis. Genome Res. 8, 549–556.
Nilsson, M., Malmgren, H., Samiotaki, M., Kwiatkowski, M., Chowdhary, B. P., and Landegren, U. (1994) Padlock probes: Circularizing oligonucleotides for localized DNA detection. Science 265, 2085–2088.
Nilsson, M., Krejci, K., Koch, J., Kwiatkowski, M., Gustavsson, P., and Landegren, U. (1997) Padlock probes reveal single-nucleotide differences, parent of origin and in situ distribution of centromeric sequences in human chromosomes 13 and 21. Nat. Genet. 16, 252–255.
Lizardi, P. M., Huang, X., Zhu, Z., Bray-Ward, P., Thomas, D. C., and Ward, D. C. (1998) Mutation detection and single-molecule counting using isothermal rolling-circle amplification. Nat. Genet. 19, 225–232.
Baner, J., Nilsson, M., Isaksson, A., Mendel-Hartvig, M., Antson, D. O., and Landegren, U. (2001) More keys to padlock probes: mechanisms for high-throughput nucleic acid analysis. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 12, 11–15.
Xu, Y. and Kool, E. T. (1999) High sequence fidelity in a non-enzymatic DNA autoligation reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 875–881.
Luo, J., Bergstrom, D. E., and Barany, F. (1996) Improving the fidelity of Thermus thermophilus DNA ligase. Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 3071–3078.
Doherty, A. J. and Suh, S. W. (2000) Structural and mechanistic conservation in DNA ligases. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 4051–4058.
Subramanya, H. S., Doherty, A. J., Ashford, S. R., and Wigley, D. B. (1996) Crystal structure of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase from bacteriophage T7. Cell 85, 607–615.
Hakansson, K., Doherty, A. J., Shuman, S., and Wigley, D. B. (1997) X-ray crystallography reveals a large conformational change during guanyl transfer by mRNA capping enzymes. Cell 89, 545–553.
Sriskanda, V. and Shuman, S. (1998) Chlorella virus DNA ligase: nick recognition and mutational analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 525–531.
Sriskanda, V. and Shuman, S. (1998) Mutational analysis of Chlorella virus DNA ligase: catalytic roles of domain I and motif VI. Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 4618–4625.
Doherty, A. J. and Wigley, D. B. (1999) Functional domains of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase. J. Mol. Biol. 285, 63–71.
Doherty, A. J. and Dafforn, T. R. (2000) Nick recognition by DNA ligases. J. Mol. Biol. 296, 43–56.
Pritchard, C. E. and Southern, E. M. (1997) Effects of base mismatches on joining of short oligodeoxynucleotides by DNA ligases. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3403–3407.
Wu, D. Y. and Wallace, R. B. (1989) Specificity of the nick-closing activity of bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase. Gene 76, 245–254.
Nilsson, M., Barbany, G., Antson, D.-O., Gertow, K., and Landegren, U. (2000) Enhanced detection and distinction of RNA by enzymatic probe ligation. Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 791–793.
Nilsson, M., Antson, D.-O., Barbany, G., and Landegren, U. (2001) RNA-templated DNA ligation for transcript analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 578–581.
Weiss, B. and Richardson, C. C. (1967) Enzymatic breakage and joining of deoxyribonucleic acid. 3. An enzyme-adenylate intermediate in the polynucleotide ligase reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 4270–4272.
Engler, M. J. and Richardson, C. C. (1982) DNA Ligases, Academic Press Inc.
Takahashi, M., Yamaguchi, E., and Uchida, T. (1984) Thermophilic DNA ligase. Purification and properties of the enzyme from Thermus thermophilus HB8. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10,041–10,047.
Nilsson, M., Baner, J., Mendel-Hartvig, M., et al. (2002) Making ends meet in genetic analysis using padlock probes. Hum. Mutat. 19, 410–415.
Rossi, R., Montecucco, A., Ciarrocchi, G., and Biamonti, G. (1997) Functional characterization of the T4 DNA ligase: a new insight into the mechanism of action. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 2106–2113.
Samiotaki, M., Kwiatkowski, M., Parik, J., and Landegren, U. (1994) Dual-color detection of DNA sequence variants by ligase-mediated analysis. Genomics 20, 238–242.
Tobe, V. O., Taylor, S. L., and Nickerson, D. A. (1996) Single-well genotyping of diallelic sequence variations by a two-color ELISA-based oligonucleotide ligation assay. Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 3728–3732.
Parik, J., Kwiatkowski, M., Lagerkvist, A., Lagerstrom Fermer, M., Samiotaki, M., Stewart, J., et al. (1993) A manifold support for molecular genetic reactions. Anal. Biochem. 211, 144–150.
Kwiatkowski, M., Samiotaki, M., Lamminmaki, U., Mukkala, V. M., and Landegren, U. (1994) Solid-phase synthesis of chelate-labelled oligonucleotides: application in triple-color ligase-mediated gene analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 2604–2611.
Hemmila, I., Mukkala, V. M., Latva, M., and Kiilholma, P. (1993) Di-and tetracarboxylate derivatives of pyridines, bipyridines and terpyridines as luminogenic reagents for time-resolved fluorometric determination of terbium and dysprosium. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods. 26, 283–290.
Nickerson, D. A., Kaiser, R., Lappin, S., Stewart, J., Hood, L., and Landegren, U. (1990) Automated DNA diagnostics using an ELISA-based oligonucleotide ligation assay. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8923–8927.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Jarvius, J., Nilsson, M., Landegren, U. (2003). Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay. In: Kwok, PY. (eds) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 212. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-327-5:215
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-327-5:215
Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-968-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-327-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols