Abstract
Substance P (SP), the most extensively studied and most potent member of the tachykinin family, is a modulator in neuroimmunoregulation (1–4). SP has been described as a peptide that is almost exclusively of neural origin (5,6). More recently, SP has been identified in non-neuronal cell types, including murine macrophages (7,8), human endothelial cells (9,10), eosinophils (11), and Leydig cells derived from human and mouse testis (12). We have demonstrated that human monocytes and lymphocytes express the SP gene mRNA transcripts and produce SP protein (13–15).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
McGillis J.P., Mitsuhashi M. and D.G. Payan D.G. (1990) Immunomodulation by tachykinin neuropeptides. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 594, 85–94.
Gilbert M.S., Bunnett N.W. and D.G. Payan. (1992) Antibodies to the rat substance P receptor:production and characterization. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 12, 529–545.
Black P.H. (1994) Immune system-central nervous system interactions:effect and immunomodulatory consequences of immune system mediators on the brain. Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 38, 7–12.
Black P.H. (1994) Central nervous system-immune system interactions: psychoneuroendocrinology of stress and its immune consequences. Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 38, 1–6.
Pernow B. (1983) Substance P. Pharmacol. Rev. 35, 85–141.
Nakanishi S. (1987) Substance P precursor and kininogen:their structures, gene organizations, and regulation. Physiol. Rev. 67, 1117–1142.
Pascual D.W., and K.L. Bost. (1990) Substance P production by P388D1 macrophages:a possible autocrine function for this neuropeptide. Immunology 71, 52–56.
Bost K.L., S.A. Breeding, and D.W. Pascual. (1992) Modulation of the mRNAs encoding substance P and its receptor in rat macrophages by LPS. Reg’l Immunol. 4, 105–112.
Linnik M.D., and Moskowitz M.A. (1989) Identification of immunoreactive substance P in human and other mammalian endothelial cells. Peptides 10, 957–62.
Milner P., Kirkpatrick K.A., Ralevic V., Toothill V., Pearson J., and Burnstock G. (1990) Endothelial cells cultured from human umbilical vein release ATP, substance P and acetylcholine in response to increased flow. Proc. Royal Soc. London-Series B: Biol. Sci. 241, 245–248.
Aliakbari J., Sreedharan S.P., Turck C.W., and Goetzl E.J. (1987) Selective localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P in human eosinophils. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148, 1440–1445.
Chiwakata C., Brackmann B., Hunt N., Davidoff M., Schulze W., and Ivell R. (1991) Tachykinin (substance-P)gene expression in Leydig cells of the human and mouse testis. Endocrinol. 128, 2441–2448.
Ho W.Z., Lai J.P., Zhu X.H., Uvaydova M., and Douglas S.D. (1997) Human monocytes and macrophages express substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor. J. Immunol. 159, 5654–5660.
Lai J.P., Douglas S.D., and Ho W.Z. (1998) Human lymphocytes express substance P and its receptor. J. Neuroimmunol. 86, 80–86.
Lai J.P., Douglas S.D., Rappaport E., Wu J.M., and Ho W.Z. (1998) Identification of a delta isoform of preprotachykinin mRNA in human mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes. J. Neuroimmunol. 91, 121–128.
MacDonald M.R., McCourt D.W., and Krause J.E. (1988) Posttranslational processing of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-preprotachykinins. Cell-free translation and early posttranslational processing events. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15,176–15,183.
Harmar A.J., Hyde V., and Chapman K. (1990) Identification and cDNA sequence of delta-preprotachykinin, a fourth splicing variant of the rat substance P precursor. FEBS Lett. 275, 22–24.
Nawa H., Kotani H., and Nakanishi S. (1984) Tissue-specific generation of two preprotachykinin mRNAs from one gene by alternative RNA splicing. Nature 312, 729–734.
Krause J.E., Chirgwin J.M., Carter M.S., Xu Z.S., and Hershey A.D. (1987) Three rat preprotachykinin mRNAs encode the neuropeptides substance P and neurokinin A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 881–885.
Khan I. and Collins S.M. (1994) Fourth isoform of preprotachykinin messenger RNA encoding for substance P in the rat intestine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202, 796–802.
Lai J.-P., Douglas S.D., Zhao M., and Ho W.-Z. (1999) Quantification of substance P mRNA in human mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes using a mimic-based RT-PCR. J. Immunol. Methods 230, 149–157.
Larrick J.W. (1992) Message amplification phenotyping (MAPPing)—principles, practice and potential. Trends Biotech. 10, 146–52.
Gilliland G., Perrin S., Blanchard K., and Bunn H.F. (1990) Analysis of cytokine mRNA and DNA:detection and quantitation by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2725–2729.
Becker-Andre M., and Hahlbrock K. (1989) Absolute mRNA quantification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).A novel approach by a PCR aided transcript titration assay (PATTY). Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 9437–9446.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Lai, JP., Douglas, S.D., Ho, WZ. (2002). Mimic-Based RT-PCR Quantitation of Substance P mRNA in Human Mononuclear Phagocytes and Lymphocytes. In: O’Connell, J. (eds) RT-PCR Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 193. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-283-X:129
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-283-X:129
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-875-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-283-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols