Skip to main content

Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation as a Model to Study Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cell Development

  • Protocol
Embryonic Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 185))

Abstract

With the attractive potential therapeutic uses of both endothelial and hematopoietic cells in medicine, much attention has been focused upon the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into mature cells of these lineages. In this chapter, we present a culture system that has successfully generated both complex endothelial structures and mature hematopoietic cells from undifferentiated ES cells in vitro. The simplicity of this system allows detailed analyses of factors and developmental steps essential in the generation of vascular structures and mature hematopoietic cell types.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Burdsal, C. A., Damsky, C. H., and Pedersen, R. A. (1993) The role of E-cadherin and integrins in mesoderm differentiation and migration at the mammalian primitive streak. Development 118, 829–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yamaguchi, T. P., Dumont, D. J., Conlon, R. A., Breitman, M. L., and Rossant, J. (1993) flk-1, an flt-related receptor tyrosine kinase is an early marker for endothelial cell precursors. Development 118, 489–498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Moore, M. A. and Metcalf, D. (1970) Ontogeny of the haemopoietic system: yolk sac origin of in vivo and in vitro colony forming cells in the developing mouse embryo. Br. J. Haematol. 18, 279–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shalaby, F., Rossant, J., Yamaguchi, T. P., Gertsenstein, M., Wu, X. F., Breitman, M. L., and Schuh, A. C. (1995) Failure of blood-island formation and vasculogenesis in Flk1-deficient mice. Nature 376, 62–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mercola, M., Wang, C. Y., Kelly, J., Brownlee, C., Jackson-Grusby, L., Stiles, C., and Bowen-Pope, D. (1990) Selective expression of PDGF A and its receptor during early mouse embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 138, 114–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Risau, W. and Flamme, I. (1995) Vasculogenesis. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 73–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Coffin, D. J. and Poole, T. J. (1988) Embryonic vascular development: immunohistological identification of the origin and subsequent morphogenesis of the major vessel primordia in quail embryos. Development 102, 735–748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Nishikawa, S. I., Nishikawa, S., Kawamoto, H., Yoshida, H., Kizumoto, M., Kataoka, H., and Katsura, Y. (1998) In vitro generation of lymphohematopoietic cells from endothelial cells purified from murine embryos. Immunity 8, 761–769.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. North, T., Gu, T.-L., Stacy, T., Wang, Q., Howard, L., Binder, M., et al. (1999) Cbfa2 is required for the formation of intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters. Development 126, 2563–2575.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Vecchi, A., Garlanda, C., Lampugnani, M. G., Resnati, M., Matteucci, C., Stoppacciaro, A., et al. Schnurch, H., Risau, W., Ruco, L., Mantovani A, et al (1994) Monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelial cells of mouse blood vessels. Their application in the identification of adult and embryonic endothelium. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 63, 247–254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Young, P. E., Baumhueter, S., and Lasky, L. A. (1995) The sialomucin CD34 is expressed on hematopoietic cells and blood vessels during murine development. Blood 85, 96–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Petrenko, O., Beavis, A., Klaine, M., Kittappa, R., Godin, I., and Lemischka, I. R. (1999) The molecular characterization of the fetal stem cell marker AA4. Immunity 10, 691–700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nishikawa, S. I., Nishikawa, S., Fraser, S., Fujimoto, T., Yoshida, H., Hirashima, M., and Ogawa, M. A model for embryonic development of hemopoieitic stem cells through endothelial cells, in Developmental biology of the hematopoietic system. (Zon, L. ed.) Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Risau, W., Sariola, H., Zerwes, H. G., Sasse, J., Ekblom, P., Kemler, R., and Doetschman, T. (1988) Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in embryonic-stem-cell-derived embryoid bodies. Development 102, 471–478.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wiles, M. V. and Keller, G. (1991) Multiple hematopoietic lineages develop from embryonic stem (ES) cells in culture. Development 111, 259–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schmitt, R. M., Bruyns, E. and Snodgrass, H. R. (1991) Hematopoietic development of embryonic stem cells in vitro: cytokine and receptor gene expression. Genes Dev. 5, 728–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Burkert, U., von Ruden, T., and Wagner, E. F. (1991) Early fetal hematopoietic development from in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells. New Biol. 3, 698–708.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vittet, D., Prandini, M. H., Berthier, R., Schweitzer, A., Martin-Sisteron, H., Uzan, G., and Dejana, E. (1996) Embryonic stem cells differentiate in vitro to endothelial cells through successive maturation steps. Blood 88, 3424–3231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kabrun, N., Buhring, H. J., Choi, K., Ullrich, A., Risau, W., and Keller, G. (1997) Flk1 expression defines a population of early embryonic hematopoietic precursors. Development 124, 2039–2048.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nishikawa, S.-I., Nishikawa, S., Hirashima, M., Matsuyoshi, N., and Kodama, H. (1998) Progressive lineage analysis by cell sorting and culture identifies FLK1+VE-cadherin+ cells at a diverging point of endothelial and hemopoietic lineages. Development 125, 1747–1757.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gory, S., Vernet, M., Laurent, M., Dejana, E., Dalmon, J., and Huber, P. (1999) The vascular endothelial-cadherin promoter directs endothelial-specific expression in transgenic mice. Blood 93, 184–192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hirashima, M., Kataoka, H., Nishikawa, S., Matsuyoshi, N., and Nishikawa, S.-I. (1999) Maturation of embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells in an in vitro model of vasculo-genesis. Blood 93, 1253–1263.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kodama, H., Nose, M., Yamaguchi, Y., Tsunoda, J., Suda, T., Nishikawa, S., and Nishikawa, S.-I. (1992) In vitro proliferation of primitive hemopoietic stem cells supported by stromal cells: evidence for the presence of a mechanism(s) other than that involving c-kit receptor and its ligands. J. Exp. Med. 176, 351–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nakano, T., Kodama, H., and Honjo, T. (1994) Generation of lymphohematopoietic cells from embryonic stem cells in culture. Science 265, 1098–1101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kessel, J. and Fabian, B. (1987) Inhibitory and stimulatory influences on mesodermal erythropoiesis in the early chick blastoderm. Development 101, 45–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Robertson, E., Bradley, A., Kuehn, M., and Evans, M. (1986) Germ-line transmission of genes introduced into cultured pluripotential cells by retroviral vector. Nature 323, 445–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kataoka, H., Takakura, N., Nishikawa, S., Tsuchida, K., Kodama, H., Kunisada, T., et al. (1997) Expressions of PDGF receptor alpha, c-Kit and Flk1 genes clustering in mouse chromosome 5 define distinct subsets of nascent mesodermal cells. Dev. Growth Differ. 39, 729–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shirayoshi, Y., Nose, A., Iwasaki, K., and Takeichi, M. (1986) N-linked oligosaccharides are not involved in the function of a cell-cell binding glycoprotein E-cadherin. Cell Struct. Funct. 11, 245–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Matsuyoshi, N., Toda, K., Horiguchi, Y., Tanaka, T., Nakagawa, S., Takeichi, M., and Imamura, S. (1997) In vivo evidence of the critical role of cadherin-5 in murine vascular integrity. Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians 109, 362–371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ogawa, M., Kizumoto, M., Nishikawa, S., Fujimoto, T., Kodama, H., and Nishikawa, S.-I. (1999) Expression of alpha4-integrin defines the earliest precursor of hemopoietic cell lineage diverged from endothelial cells. Blood 93, 1168–1177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cho, S. K., Webber, T. D., Carlyle, J. R., Nakano, T., Lewis, S. M., and Zuniga-Pflucker, J. C. (1999) Functional characterization of B lymphocytes generated in vitro from embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 9797–9802.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sudo, T., Nishikawa, S., Ogawa, M., Kataoka, H., Ohno, N., Izawa, A., et al. (1995) Functional hierarchy of c-kit and c-fms in intramarrow production of CFU-M. Oncogene 11, 2469–2476.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Fraser, S.T., Ogawa, M., Nishikawa, S., Nishikawa, SI. (2002). Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation as a Model to Study Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cell Development. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 185. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-241-4:71

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-241-4:71

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-881-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-241-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics