Skip to main content

Purification of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A

  • Protocol
Septic Shock Methods and Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicineā„¢ ((MIMM,volume 36))

  • 663 Accesses

Abstract

Group A streptococci secrete a variety of molecules, many of which are recognized as virulence factors important in the establishment of streptococcal infections. Among these extracellular products is streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A, scarlet fever toxin A, erythrogenic toxin A) (1). Other SPEs include toxin serotypes B and C (1), streptococcal superantigen (SSA) (2), and SPE F (mitogenic factor) (3,4). Combinations of these toxins are believed to be important in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The latter two molecules will not be discussed in this chapter, but methods utilized to purify SPEs A-C also may be used to purify SSA and SPE F.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bohach, G. A., Fast, D. J., Nelson, R. D., and Schlievert, P. M. (1990) Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins involved in toxic shock syndrome and related illnesses. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 17, 251ā€“272.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  2. Mollick, J. A., Miller, G. G., Musser, J. M., Cook, R. G., Grossman, D., and Rich, R. R. (1993) A novel superantigen isolated from pathogenic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes with aminoterminal homology to staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 710ā€“719.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  3. Yutsudo, T., Murai, H., Gonzales, J., Takao, T., Shimonishi, Y., Takeda, Y., Igarashi, H., and Hinuma, Y. (1992) A new type of mitogenic factor produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. FEBS Lett. 308, 30ā€“34.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  4. Norrby-Teglund, A., Newton, D., Kotb, M., Holm, S. E., and Norgren, M. (1994) Superantigenic preoperties of the group A streptococcal exotoxin SPE F (MF). Infect. Immun. 62, 5227ā€“5223.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  5. Musser, J. M. (1997) Streptococcal superantigen, mitogenic factor, and pyrogenic exotoxin B expressed by Streptococcus pyogenes, in Superantigens (Leung, Y. M., Huber, B. T., and Schlievert, P. M., eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 281ā€“310.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  6. Nauciel, C., Blass, J., Mangalo, R., and Raynaud, M. (1969) Evidence for two molecular forms of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin. Conversion to a single form by 2-mercaptoethanol. Eur. J. Biochem. 11, 160ā€“164.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  7. Barsumian, E. L., Cunningham, C. M., Schlievert, P. M., and Watson, D. W. (1978) Heterogeneity of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type B. Infect. Immun. 20, 512ā€“518.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  8. Kreiswirth, B. N., Handley, J. P., Schlievert, P. M., and Novick, R. P. (1987) Cloning and expression of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 208, 84ā€“87.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  9. Leonard, B. A. B. and Schlievert, P. M. (1992) Immune cell lethality induced by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and endotoxin. Infect. Immun. 60, 3747ā€“3755.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  10. Kim, Y. B. and Watson, D. W. (1970) A purified group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. Physicochemical and biological properties including the enhancement of susceptibility to endotoxin lethal shock. J. Exp. Med. 131, 611ā€“628.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  11. Johnson, L. P., Tomai, M. A., and Schlievert, P. M. (1986) Molecular analysis of bacteriophage involvement in group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A production. J. Bacteriol. 166, 623ā€“627.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  12. Weeks, C. R. and Ferretti, J. J. (1986) Nucleotide sequence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene from Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage T12. Infect. Immun. 52, 144ā€“150.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  13. Hauser, A. R. and Schlievert, P. M. (1990) Nucleotide sequence of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type B gene and toxin relationship to streptococcal proteinase precursor. J. Bacteriol. 172, 4536ā€“4542.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  14. Goshorn, S. C., Bohach, G. A., and Schlievert, P. M. (1988) Cloning and characterization of the gene, speC, for pyrogenic exotoxin type C from Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol. Gen. Genet. 212, 66ā€“70.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  15. Goshorn, S. C. and Schlievert, P. M. (1988) Nucleotide sequence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C. Infect. Immun. 56, 2518ā€“2520.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  16. Johnson, L. P. and Schlievert, P. M. (1984) Group A streptococcal bacteriophage T12 carries the structural gene for pyrogenic exotoxin type A. Mol. Gen. Genet. 194, 52ā€“56.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

Ā© 2000 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Roggiani, M., Schlievert, P.M. (2000). Purification of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A. In: Evans, T.J. (eds) Septic Shock Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicineā„¢, vol 36. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-216-3:59

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-216-3:59

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-730-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-216-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics