Abstract
Newly generated dendritic cells (DC) migrate from the bone marrow to the nonlymphoid tissues presumably through the blood stream (peripheral blood DC). During injury, tissue DC (such as Langerhans cells [LC] in the epidermis) capture antigen and then, under microenvironmental signals, leave the nonlymphoid tissues through the afferent lymph as veiled cells (see Fig. 1). During their migration, DC undergo maturation, including loss of antigen uptake and acquisition of costimulatory function. Then, DC enter into lymph nodes where they home to the T-cell rich area (inderdigitating cells) and induce an antigen specific primary T-cell response.
Life cycle of dendritic cells. Newly generated dendritic cells migrate, from the bone marrow to the nonlymphoid tissues presumably through the blood stream (peripheral blood DC). During an injury, tissue dendritic cells (such as LC in the epidermis) capture the antigen and then, under microenvironmental signals (such as TNFĪ± production in the dermis) leave the nonlymphoid tissues through the afferent lymph (veiled cells). During their migration, DC undergo maturation, including loss of antigen uptake and aquisition of costimulatory function. Then, DC enter into lymph nodes where they home to the T-cell rich area (interdigitating cells) and induce an antigen specific primary T-cell response. Few DC exit lymph nodes possibly because they may either be programmed to die after antigen presentation or destroyed by the afferent immune response.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Austyn, J. D. (1996) New insights into the mobilization and phagocytic activity of dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1287ā1292.
Steinman, R. M. and Swanson, J. (1995) The endocytic activity of dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 182, 283ā288.
Hanau, D., Fabre, M., Schmitt, D. A., Stampf, J.-L., Garaud, J.-C., Bieber, T., Grosshans, E., Benezra, C., and Cazenave, J.-P. (1987) Human epidermal Langerhans cells internalize by receptor-mediated endocytosis T6 (CD1 āNA1/34ā) surface antigen. Birbeck granules are involved in the intracellular traffic of the antigen. J. Invest. Dermatol. 89, 172ā177.
Matsuno, K., Ezaki, T., Kudo, S. and Uehara, Y. (1996) A life stage of particleladen rat dendritic cells in vivo: their terminal division, active phagocytosis, and translocation from the liver to the draining lymph. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1865ā1878.
Rubartelli, A., Poggi, A. and Zocchi, M. R. (1997) The selective engulfment of apoptotic bodies by dendritic cells is mediated by the avĀ§3 integrin and requires intracellular and extracellular calcium. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 1893ā1900.
Barfoot, R., Denham, S., Gyure, L. A., Hall, J. G., Hobbs, S. M., Jackson, L. E., and Robertson, D. (1989) Some properties of dendritic macrophages from peripheral lymph. Immunology 68, 233ā239.
Reis e Sousa, C., Stahl, P. D., and Austyn, J. M. (1993) Phagocytosis of antigens by Langerhans cells in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 178, 509ā519.
Moll, H. (1993) Epidermal Langerhans cells are critical for immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Immunol. Today 14, 383ā387.
Sallusto, F., Cella, M., Danieli, C., and Lanzavecchia, A. (1995) Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: down-regulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J. Exp. Med. 182, 389ā400.
Harkiss, G. D., Hopkins, J., and McConnell, I. (1990) Uptake of antigen by afferent lymph dendritic cells mediated by antibody. Eur. J. Immunol. 20, 2367ā2373.
Jiang, W., Swiggard, W. J., Heufler, C., et al. (1995) The receptor DC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing. Nature 375, 151ā155.
Tan, M. C., Mommaas, A. M., Drijfhout, J. W., et al. (1997) Mannose receptor mediated uptake of antigens strongly enhances HLA-class II restricted antigen presentation by cultured dendritic cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 417, 171ā174.
Engering, A. J., Cella, M., Fluitsma, D. M., Hoefsmit, E. C., Lanzavecchia, A., and Pieters, J. (1997) Mannose receptor mediated antigen uptake and presentation in human dendritic cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 417, 183ā187.
Stahl, P. D. and Ezekowitz, R. A. (1998) The mannose receptor is a pattern recognition receptor involved in host defense. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10, 50ā55.
Albert, M. L., Sauter, B., and Bhardwaj, N. (1998) Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 392, 86ā89.
Streilein, J. W. and Grammer, S. F. (1989) In vitro evidence that Langerhans cells can adopt two functionally distinct forms capable of antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 143, 3925ā3933.
Inaba, K., Schuler, G., Witmer, M. D., Valinksy, J., Atassi, B., and Steinman, R. M. (1986) Immunologic properties of purified epidermal Langerhans cells. J. Exp. Med. 164, 605ā613.
Romani, N., Lenz, A., Glassl, H., et al. (1989) Cultured human Langerhans cells resemble lymphoid dendritic cells in phenotype and function. J. Invest. Dermatol. 93, 600ā609.
Larsen, C. P., Steinman, R. M., Witmer-Pack, M. D., Hankins, D. F., Morris, P. J., and Austyn, J. M. (1990) Migration and maturation of Langerhans cells in skin transplants and explants. J. Exp. Med. 172, 1483ā1494.
Schuler, G. and Steinman, R. M. (1985) Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 161, 526ā546.
Shimada, S., Caughman, S. W., Sharrow, S. O., Stephany, D., and Katz, S. I. (1987) Enhanced antigen-presenting capacity of cultured Langerhans cells is associated with markedly increased expression of Ia antigen. J. Immunol. 139, 2551ā2555.
Larsen, C. P., Ritchie, S. C., Pearson, T. C., Linsley, P. S., and Lowry, R. P. (1992) Functional expression of the costimulatory molecule, B7/BB1, on murine dendritic cell populations. J. Exp. Med. 176, 1215ā1220.
Teunissen, M. B. M., Wormeester, J., Krieg, S. R., Peters, P. J., Vogels, I. M. C., Kapsenberg, M. L., and Bos, J. D. (1990) Human epidermal Langerhans cells undergo profound morphological and phenotypical changes during in vitro culture. J. Invest. Dermatol. 94, 166ā173.
Inaba, K., Witmer-Pack, M., Inaba, M., et al. (1994) The tissue distribution of the B7-2 costimulator in mice: abundant expression on dendritic cells in situ and during maturation in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 180, 1849ā1860.
Larsen, C. P., Ritchie, S. C., Hendrix, R., et al. (1994) Regulation of immunostimulatory function and costimulatory molecule (B7-1 and B7-2) expression on murine dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 152, 5208ā5219.
Weinlich, G., Heine, M., Stossel, H., et al. (1998) Entry into afferent lymphatics and maturation in situ of migrating murine cutaneous dendritic cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 110, 441ā448.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2001 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Caux, C., Dubois, B. (2001). Antigen Uptake by Dendritic Cells. In: Robinson, S.P., Stagg, A.J., Knight, S.C. (eds) Dendritic Cell Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 64. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-150-7:369
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-150-7:369
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-584-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-150-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols