Skip to main content

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 Genes in Enterococci

  • Protocol
Antibiotic Resistence

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicineā„¢ ((MIMM,volume 48))

Abstract

Resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in enterococci, is phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous. Three glycopeptide resistance phenotypes, VanA, VanB, and VanC, account for most glycopeptide resistance in enterococci; they can be distinguished on the basis of the level and inducibility of resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Clark, N. C., Cooksey, R. C., Hill, B. C., Swenson, J. M., and Tenover, F. C. (1993) Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci from U.S. hospitals. Antimicrob. Agent Chemother. 37, 2311ā€“2317.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  2. Dutka-Malen, S., Evers, S., and Courvalin, P. (1995) Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 24ā€“27.

    PubMedĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  3. Dutka-Malen, S., Molinas, C., Arthur, M., and Courvalin, P. (1992) Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance. Gene 112, 53ā€“58.

    ArticleĀ  PubMedĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  4. Navarro, F., and Courvalin, P. (1994) Analysis of genes encoding D-alanine-D-alanine ligase-related enzymes in Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus flavescens. Antimicrob. Agent Chemother. 38, 1788ā€“1793.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  5. Patel, R., Uhl, J. R., Kohner, P., Hopkins, M.K., and Cockerill, F. R. (1997) Multiplex PCR detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1 and vanC-2/3 genes in enterococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 703ā€“707

    PubMedĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  6. Patel, R., Uhl, J. R., Kohner, P., Hopkins, M. K., Steckelberg, J. M., Kline, B., and Cockerill, F. R. (1998) DNA sequence variation within vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes of clinical Enterococcus spp. isolates. Antimicrob. Agent Chemother. 42, 202ā€“205.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

Ā© 2001 The Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Patel, R., Uhl, J.R., Cockerill, F.R. (2001). Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 Genes in Enterococci. In: Gillespie, S.H. (eds) Antibiotic Resistence. Methods in Molecular Medicineā„¢, vol 48. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-077-2:3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-077-2:3

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-777-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-077-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics