Abstract
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Glaser, S., Kristensson, K., Chilton, T., Huse, W. (1995) Engineering the antibody combining site by codon-based mutagenesis in a filamentous phage display system, in Antibody Engineering, 2nd ed. (Borrebaeck, C. A. K., ed.), Oxford Unversity Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 117–121.
Barbas, C. F., III and Burton, D. R. (1996) Selection and evolution of high affinity human anti-viral antibodies. Trends Biotechnol.14, 230–234.
Duenas, M. and Borrebaeck, C. A. K. (1994) Clonal selection and amplification of phage displayed antibodies by linking antigen recognition and phage replication. Biotechnology12, 999–1002.
Boulianne, G. L., Hozumi, N., and Shulman, M. J. (1984) Production of functional chimaeric mouse/human antibody. Nature312, 643–646.
Morrison, S. L., Johnson, M. J., Herzenberg, L. A., and Oi, V.T. (1984) Chimeric human antibody molecules: mouse antigen binding domains with human constant region domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA81, 6851–6855.
Neuberger, M. S., Williams, G. T., Mitchell, E. B., Jouhal, S. S., Flanagan, J. G., and Rabbits, T. H. (1985) A hapten-specific chimaeric IgE antibody with human physiological effector function. Nature314, 268–270.
Better, M., Chang, C. P., Robinson, R. R., and Horwitz, A. H. (1988) Escherichia coli secretion of an active chimeric antibody fragment. Science240, 1041–1043.
Jones, P. T., Dear, P. H., Foote, J., Neuberger, M. S., and Winter, G. (1986) Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse. Nature321, 522–525.
Riechmann, L., Foote, J., and Winter, G. (1988) Expression of an antibody Fv fragment in myeloma cells. J. Mol. Biol.203, 825–828.
Bird, R. E., Hardman, K. D., Jacobson, J. W., Johnson, S., Kaufman, B. M., Lee, S. M., Lee, T., Pope, S. H., Riordan, G. S., and Whitlow, M. (1988) Single-chain antigen-binding proteins. Science242, 423–426.
Huston, J. S., Levinson, D., Mudgett-Hunter, M., Tai, M.-S., Novotny, J., Margolies, M. J., Ridge, R. J., Bruccoleri, R. E., and Haber, E., Crea, R. (1988) Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA85, 5879–5883.
Glockshuber, R., Malia, M., Pfitzinger, I., and Plückthun, A. (1990) A com-parision of strategies to stabilize immunoglobulin Fv fragments. Biochemistry29, 1362–1367.
Verhoeyen, M., Milstein, C., and Winter, G. (1988) Reshaping human antibodies: grafting an antilysozyme activity. Science239, 1534–1536.
Kettleborough, C. A., Saldanha, J., Heath, V. J., Morrison, C. J., and Bendig, M. M. (1991) Humanisation of a mouse monoclonal antibody by CDR grafting: the importance of framework residues on loop confirmation. Protein Eng.4, 773–783.
Reichmann, L., Clark, M., Waldmann, H., and Winter, G. (1988) Reshaping human antibodies for therapy. Nature322, 323–327.
Gussow, D. and Seaman, G. (1991) Humanisation of monoclonal antibodies. Methods Enzymol.203, 99–121.
Rader, C., Cheresh, D. A., Barbas, C. F., 3rd. (1998) A phage display approach for rapid antibody humanisation: designed combinatorial V gene libraries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA95, 8910–8915.
Gorman, S. D. and Clark, M. R. (1990) Humanisation of monoclonal antibodies for therapy. Semin. Immunol.2, 457–466.
Padlan, E. A. (1991) A possible procedure for reducing the immunogenicity of antibody variable domains while preserving their ligand-binding properties. Mol. Immunol.28, 489–498.
Pedersen, J. T., Henry, A. H., Searle, S. J., Guild, B. C., Roguska, M., and Rees, A. R. (1994) Comparison of surface accesible residues in human and murine immunoglobulin Fv domains. Implication for the humanization of murine antibodes. J. Mol. Biol.235, 959–973.
Roguska, M. A., Pedersen, J. T., Keddy, C. A., Henry, A. H., Searle, S. J., Lambert, J. M., Goldmacher, V. S., Blattler, W. A., Rees, A. R., and Guild, B. C. (1994) Humanization of murine monoclonal antibodies through variable domain resurfacing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA91, 969–973.
Porter, R. R. (1959) The hydrolysis of rabbit g-globulin and antibodies with crystalline papain. Biochem. J.73, 119–126.
Inbar, D., Hochman, J., and Givol, D. (1972) Localization of the antibody combining site within the variable portion of heavy and light chains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA69, 2659–2662.
Hochman, J., Inbar, D., and Givol, D. (1973) An active antibody fragment Fv composed of the variable portions of heavy and light chains. Biochemistry12, 1130–1135.
Sharon, J. and Givol, D. (1976) Preparation of Fv fragment from mouse myeloma XRPC-25 immunoglobulin possessing anti-dinitriphenyle activity. Biochemstry15, 1591–1594.
Kabat, E. A., Wu, T. T., and Bilofsky, H (1978) Variable region genes for immunoglobulin framework are assembled from small segments of DNA-a hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA75, 2429–2433.
Skerra, A. and Plückthun, A. (1988) Assembly of a functional immunoglobulin Fv fragment in Escherichia coli. Science240, 1038–1041.
Brinkmann, U., Reiter, Y., Jung, S. H., Lee, B., and Pastan, I. (1993) A recombi-nant immunotoxin containing a disulphide-stabilized Fv fragment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA90, 7538–7548.
Anand, N. N., Mandal, S., MacKenzie, C. R., Sadowska, J., Sigurskjold, B., Young, N. M., Bundle, D. R., and Narang, S. A. (1991) Bacterial expression and secretion of various single-chain Fv genes encoding proteins specific for a Salmonella serotype B O-antigen. J. Biol. Chem.266, 21,874–21,879.
Huston, J. S., Mudgett-Hunter, M., Tai, M. S., McCartney, J., Warren, F., Haber, E., and Oppermann, H. (1991) Protein engineering of single-chain Fv analogs and fusion proteins. Methods Enzymol.203, 46–88.
Davies, D. R. and Metzger, H. (1983) Structural basis of antibody function. Ann. Rev. Immunol.1, 87–117.
Harwood, P. J., Boden, J., Pedley, R. B., Rawlins, G., Rogers, G. T., and Bagshawe, K. D. (1985) Comparitive tumour localization of antibody fragments and intact IgG in nude mice bearing a CEA-producing human colon tumour xenograft. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol.21, 1515–1522.
Begent, R. H. and Chester, K. A. (1997) Single-chain Fv antibodies for targeting cancer therapy. Biochem. Soc. Trans.25, 715–717.
Colcher, D., Bird, R., Roselli, M., Hardman, K. D., Johnson, S., Pope, S., Dodd, S. W., Pantoliano, M. W., Milenic, D. E., and Scholm, J. (1990) In vivo tumor targeting of a recombinant single-chain antigen-binding protein. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.82, 1191–1197.
Larson, S. M., Raubitschek, A., Reynolds, J. C., Neumann, R. D., Hellstrom, K. E., Hellstrom, I., Colcher, D., Schlom, J., Glatstein, E., and Carrasquillo, J. A. (1989) Comparison of bone marrow dosimetry and toxic effect of high dose 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies administered to man. Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instrum. B16, 153–158.
Milenic, D. E., Yokota, T., Filpula, D. R., Finkelman, M. A. J., Dodd, S. W., Wood, J. F., Whitlow, M., Snoy, P., and Schlom, J. (1991) Construction, binding properties, metabolism, and tumor targeting of a single-chain Fv derived from the pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49. Cancer Res.51, 6363–6371.
Begent, R. H. J., Verhaar, M. J., Chester, K. A., Casey, J. L., Green, A. J., Napier, M. P., Hope-Stone, L. D., Cushen, N., Keep, P. A., Johnson, C. J., Hawkins, R. E., Hilson, A. J. W., and Robson, L. (1996) Clinical evidence of efficient tumor targeting based on single-chain Fv antibody selected from a combinatorial library. Nat. Med.2, 979–984.
Yokota, T., Milenic, D. E., Whitlow, M., and Schlom, J. (1992) Rapid tumor penetration of a single-chainFv and comparision with other immunoglobulin forms. Cancer Res.52, 3402–3408.
Yokota, T., Milenic, D. E., Whitlow, M., Wood, J. F., Hubert, S. L., and Schlom, J. (1993) Microautoradiographic analysis of the normal organ distribution of radioiodinated single-chain Fv and other immunoglobulin forms. Cancer Res.53, 3776–3783.
Seccamani, E., Tattanelli, M., Mariani, M., Spranzi, E., Scassellati, G. A., and Siccardi, A. G. (1989) A simple qualitative determination of human antibodies to murine immunoglobulins (HAMA) in serum samples. Nucl. Med. Biol.16, 167–170.
Stewart, J., Hird, V., Snook, D., Sullivan, M., Hooker, G., and Courtenay-Luck, N. (1990) Intraperitoneal yttrium-90 labeled monoclonal antibody in ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.5, 1890–1899.
Hird, V., Maraveyas, A., Snook, D., Dhokia, B., Soutter, W. P., Meares, C., Stewart, J. S. W., Mason, P., Lambert, H. E., and Epenetos, A. A. (1993) Adjuvant therapy of ovarian cancer with radioactive monoclonal antibody. Br. J. Cancer68, 403–406.
Courtenay-Luck, N., Epenetos, A., Moore, R., Larche, M., Pectasides, D., Dhokia, B., and Ritter, M. (1986) Development of primary and secondary immune responses to mouse monoclonal antibodies used in the diagnosis and therapy of malignant neoplasms. Cancer Res.46, 6489–6493.
Nedelman, M. A., Shealy, D. J., Boulin, R., Brunt, E., Seasholtz, J. I., Allen, E., McCartney, J. E., Warren, F. D., Oppermann, H., Pang, R. H. L., Berger, H. J., and Weisman, H. F. (1993). Rapid infarct imaging with a technetium-99m-labeled antimyosin recombinant single-chain Fv: evaluation in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction. J. Nucl. Med.34, 234–241.
Chester, K. A., Begent, R. H., Robson, L., Keep, P., Pedley, R. B., Boden, J. A., Boxer, G., Green, A., Winter, G., Cochet, O., and Hawkins, R. E. (1994) Phage libraries for generation of clinically useful antibodies. Lancet343, 455–456.
George, A. J. T., Jamar, F., Tai, M.-S., Heelan, B. T., Adams, G. P., McCartney, J. E., Houston, L. L., Weiner, L. M., Oppermann, H., and Peters, A. M. (1995) Radiometal labeling of recombinant proteins by a genetically engineered minimal chelation site: technetium-99m coordination by single-chain Fv antibody fusion proteins through a C-terminal cysteinyl peptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA92, 8358–8363.
Tai, M.-S., McCartney, J. E., Adams, G. P., Jin, D., Hudziak, R. M., Oppermann, H., Laminet, A. A., Bookman, M. A., Wolf, E. J., Liu, S., Stafford III, W. F., Frand, I., Houston, L. L., Weiner, L. M., and Huston, J. S. (1995) Targeting c-erbB-2 expressing tumors using single-chain Fv monomers and dimers. Cancer Res.55, 5983s–5989s.
Adams, G. P., McCartney, J. E., Wolf, E. J., Eisenberg, J., Tai, M. S., Huston, J. S., Stafford, W., Bookman, M. A., Houston, L. L., and Weiner, L. M. (1995) Optimization of in vivo tumor targeting in SCID mice with divalent forms of 741F8 anti-c-erbB-2 single-chain Fv: effects of dose escalation and repeated i.v. administration. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.40, 299–306.
Hu, S., Shively, L., Raubitschek, A., Sherman, M., Williams, L. E., Wong, J. Y., Shively, J. E., and Wu, A. M. (1996) Minibody: A novel engineered anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody fragment (single-chain Fv-CH3) which exhibits rapid, high-level targeting of xenografts. Cancer Res.56, 3055–3061.
Verhaar, M. J., Chester, K. A., Keep, P. A., Robson, L., Pedley, R. B., Boden, J. A., Hawkins, R. E., and Begent, R. H. (1995) A single chain Fv derived from a filamentous phage library has distinct tumor targeting advantages over one derived from a hybridoma. Int. J. Cancer61, 497–501.
Chaudhary, V. K., Gallo, M. G., FitzGerald, D. J., and Pastan, I. (1990) Arecom-binant single-chain immunotoxin composed of anti-tac variable regions and truncated Diptheria toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA87, 9491–9494.
Chaudhary, V. K., Queen, C., Junghans, R. P., Waldmann, T. A., FitzGerald, D. J., and Pastan, I. (1989) A recombinant immunotoxin consisting of two antibody variable domains fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin. Nature339, 394–397.
Nicholls, P. J., Johnson, V. G., Andrew, S. M., Hoogenboom, H. R., Raus, J. C., and Youle, R. J. (1993) Characterization of single-chain antibody (scFv)-toxin fusion proteins produced in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. J. Biol. Chem.268, 5302–5308.
Pauza, M. E., Doumbia, S. O., and Pennell, C. A. (1997) Construction and characterization of human CD7-specific single-chain Fv immunotoxins. J. Immunol.158, 3259–3269.
Francisco, J. A., Gawlak, S. L., Miller, M., Bathe, J., Russell, D., Chace, D., Mixan, B., Zhao, L., Fell, H. P., and Siegall, C. B. (1997) Expression and characterization of bryodin 1 and a bryodin 1-based single-chain immunotoxin from tobacco cell culture. Bioconjug. Chem.8, 708–713.
Tai, M-S., Mudgett-Hunter, M., Levinson, D., Wu, G-M., Haber, E., Oppermann, H., and Huston, J. S. (1990) A bifunctional fusion protein containing Fc-binding fragment B of Staphylococcal protein A amino terminal to antidigoxin single-chain Fv. Biochemistry29, 8024–8030.
Traunecker, A., Lanzavecchia, A., and Karjalainen, K. (1991) Bispecific single-chain molecules (Janusins) target cytotoxic lymphocytes on HIV infected cells. EMBO J.10, 3635–3659.
Hakim, I., Levy, S., and Levy, R. (1996) Anine-amino acid peptide from IL-1 beta augments antitumor immune responses induced by protein and DNA vaccines. J. Immunol.157, 5503–5511.
Holliger, P., Prospero, T., and Winter, G. (1993) “Diabodies”: small bivalent and bispecific antibody fragments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA90, 6444–6448.
Perisic, O., Webb, P. A., Holliger, P., Winter, G., and Williams, R. L. (1994) Crystal structure of a diabody, a bivalent antibody fragment. Structure2, 1217–1226.
Holliger, P., Brissinck, J., Williams, R. L., Thielemans, K., and Winter, G. (1996) Specific killing of lymphoma cells by cytotoxic T-cells mediated by a bispecific diabody. Protein Eng.9, 299–305.
Holliger, P., Wing, M., Pound, J. D., Bohlen, H., and Winter, G. (1997) Retargeting serum immunoglobulin with bispecific diabodies. Nat. Biotechnol.15, 632–636.
Kontermann, R. E., Wing, M. G., and Winter, G. (1997) Complement recruitment using bispecific diabodies. Nat. Biotechnol.15, 629–631.
Kontermann, R. E., Martineau, P., Cummings, C. E., Karpas, A., Allen, D., Derbyshire, E., and Winter, G. (1997) Enzyme immunoassays using bispecific diabodies. Immunotechnology3, 137–144.
Iliades, P., Kortt, A. A., and Hudson, P. J. (1997) Triabodies: single chain Fv fragments without a linker form trivalent trimers. FEBS Lett.409, 437–441.
Pei, X. Y., Holliger, P., Murzin, A. G., and Williams, R. L. (1997) The 2.0-A resolution crystal structure of a trimeric antibody fragment with noncognate VH-VL domain pairs shows a rearrangement of VH CDR3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA94, 9637–9642.
George, A. J. T., Titus, J., Jost, C., Kurucz, I., Perez, P., Andrew, S., Nicholls, P., Huston, J., and Segal, D. (1994) Redirection of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by a recombinant single-chain Fv molecule. J. Immunol.152, 1802–1811.
McCafferty, J., Griffiths, A. D., Winter, G., and Chiswell, D. J. (1990) Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains. Nature348, 552–554.
Fuchs, P., Breitling, F., Dubel, S., Seehaus, T., and Little, M. (1991) Targeting recombinant antibodies to the surface of Escherichia coli: fusion to a peptidogly-can associated lipoprotein. Biotechnol. NY9, 1369–1372.
Huston, J. S., McCartney, J., Tai, M.-S., Mottola-Hartshorn, C., Jin, D., Warren, F., Keck, P., and Oppermann, H. (1993) Medical applications of single-chain antibodies. Int. Rev. Immunol.10, 195.
McCartney, J. E., Lederman, L., Drier, E. A., Cabral-Denison, N. A., Wu, G. M., Batorsky, R. S., Huston, J. S., and Oppermann, H. (1991) Biosynthetic antibody binding sites: development of a single-chain Fv model based on antidinitrophenol IgA myeloma MOPC 315. J. Protein Chem.10, 669–683.
Bedzyk, W. D., Weidner, K. M., Denzin, L. K., Johnson, L. S., Hardman, K. D., Pantoliano, M. W., Asel, E. D., and Voss, E., Jr. (1990) Immunological and structural characterization of a high affinity anti-fluorescein single-chain antibody. J. Biol. Chem.265, 18,615–18,620.
Takkinen, K., Laukkanen, M. L., Sizmann, D., Alfthan, K., Immonen, T., Vanne, L., Kaartinen, M., Knowles, J. K., and Teeri, T. T. (1991) An active single-chain antibody containing a cellulase linker domain is secreted by Escherichia coli. Protein Eng.4, 837–841.
Novotny, J., Ganju, R. K., Smiley, S. T., Hussey, R. E., Luther, M. A., Recny, M. A., Siliciano, R. F., and Reinherz, E. L. (1991) A soluble, single-chain T-cell receptor fragment endowed with antigen-combining properties. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA88, 8646–8650.
Turner, D. J., Ritter, M. A., and George, A. J. T. (1997) Importance of the linker in expression of single-chain Fv antibody fragments: optimisation of peptide sequence using phage display technology. J. Immunol. Methods205, 43–54.
Atwell, S., Ridgway, J. B., Wells, J. A., and Carter, P. (1997) Stable heterodimers from remodeling the domain interface of a homodimer using a phage display library. J. Mol. Biol.270, 26–35.
Zhu, Z., Presta, L. G., Zapata, G., and Carter, P. (1997) Remodeling domain interfaces to enhance hetrodimer formation. Protein Sci.6, 781–788.
Verma, R., Boleti, E., and George, A. J. T. (1998) Antibody engineering: comparison of bacterial, yeast, insect and mammalian expression systems. J. Immunol. Methods216, 165–181.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Verma, R., Boleti, E. (2000). Engineering Antibody Molecules. In: George, A.J.T., Urch, C.E. (eds) Diagnostic and Therapeutic Antibodies. Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 40. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-076-4:35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-076-4:35
Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-798-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-076-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols