Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a 23-kDa polypeptide, was originally identified as a hematopoietic growth factor, but has recently been found to be a multifunctional cytokine with many proinflammatory activities (1,2). GM-CSF can be produced by, and act upon, a broad range of cell types, including both immature and mature granulocyte and monocyte lineage cells, dendritic cells, and tissue structural cells. Abundant in vitro observations have suggested that GM-CSF is able to induce both differentiation and activation of these cells (1).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ruef, C. and Coleman, D. L. (1990) Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor: pleiotropic cytokine with potential clinical usefulness. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12, 41–62.
Xing, Z., Braciak, T., Ohkawara, Y., Sallenave, J.-M., Foley, R., Sime, P. J., et al. (1996) Gene transfer for cytokine functional studies in the lung: the multifunctional role of GM-CSF in pulmonary inflammation. J. Leukocyte Biol. 59, 481–488.
Bramson, J. L., Graham, F. L., and Gauldie, J. (1995) The use of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy and gene transfer in vivo. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 6, 590–595.
Xing, Z., Ohkawara, Y., Jordana, M., Graham, F. L., and Gauldie, J. (1996) Transfer of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene to rat lung induces eosinophilia, monocytosis, and fibrotic reactions, J. Clin. Invest. 97, 1102–1110.
X.-Lei, F., Ohkawara, Y., Stämpfli, M. R., Gauldie, J., Croitoru, K., Jordana, M., and Xing, Z. (1998) Compartmentalized transgene expression of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in mouse lung enhances allergic airways inflammation. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 113, 157–165.
Wang, J., Snider, D., Hewlett, B. R., Lukacs, N. W., Gauldie, J., Liang, H., and Xing, Z. (2000) Transgenic expression of GM-CSF induces the differentiation and activation of a novel dendritic cell population in the lung. Blood, in press.
Stämpfli, M. R., Wiley, R. E., Neigh, G. S., Gajewska, B. U., Lei, X.-F., Snider, D. P., Xing, Z., and Jordana, M. (1998) GM-CSF transgene expression in the airway allows aerosolized ovalbumin to induce allergic sensitization in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 102, 1704–1714.
Bett, A. J., Haddara, W., Prevec, L., and Graham, F. L. (1994) An efficient and flexible system for construction of adenovirus vectors with insertions or deletions in early regions 1 and 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 8802–8806.
Sime, P. J., Xing, Z., Foley, R., Graham, F. L., and Gauldie, J. (1997) Transient gene transfer and expression in the lung. Chest 111, 89S–94S.
Graham, F. L. and Prevec, L. (1991) Gene transfer and expression protocols, in Methods in Molecular Biology (Murray, E. J. and Walker, J. M., eds.), Humana Press Inc., Clifton, NJ, pp. 109–127.
Xing, Z., Braciak, T., Jordana, M., Croitoru, K., Graham, F. L., and Gauldie, J. (1994) Adenovirus-mediated cytokine gene transfer at tissue sites: overexpression of IL-6 induces lymphocytic hyperplasia in the lung. J. Immunol. 153, 4059–069.
Wang, J., Palmer, K., Lotvall, J., Milan, S., Lei, X. F., Matthaei, K. I., et al. (1998) Circulating, but not local lung, IL-5, is required for the development of antigeninduced airways eosinophilia. J. Clin. Invest. 102, 1132–1141.
Xing, Z., Gauldie, J., Tremblay, G. M., Hewlett, B. R., and Addison, C. (1997) Intradermal transgenic expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces neutrophilia, epidermal hyperplasia, Langerhans′ cell/macrophage accumulation and dermal fibrosis. Lab. Invest. 77, 615–622.
Sime, P. J., Xing, Z., Graham, F. L., Csaky, K. G., and Gauldie, J. (1997) Adenovector-mediated gene transfer of active transforming growth factor β-1 induces prolonged severe fibrosis in rat lung. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 768–776.
Desmouliere, A. (1995) Factors influencing myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing and fibrosis. Cell Biol. Int. 19, 471–476.
Xing, Z., Tremblay, M. G., Sime, P. J., and Gauldie, J. (1997) Overexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces pulmonary granulation tissue formation and fibrosis by induction of transforming growth factor beta1 and myofibroblast accumulation. Am. J. Pathol. 150, 59–66.
Ohkawara, Y., X-Lei, F., Stämpfli, M. R., Marshall, J. S., Xing, Z., and Jordana, M. (1997) Cytokine and eosinophil responses in the lung, peripheral blood, and bone marrow compartments in a murine model of allergen-induced airways inflammation. Am. J. Respir. CellMol. Biol. 16, 510–520.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Xing, Z., Stämpfli, M.R., Gauldie, J. (2000). Transient Transgenic Approaches for Investigating the Role of GM-CSF in Pulmonary Inflammation and Immune Diseases. In: Fan Chung, K., Adcock, I. (eds) Asthma. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 44. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-072-1:161
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-072-1:161
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-626-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-072-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols