Abstract
The Ca2+ binding properties of calpain are of great interest, both biochemically in the wider context of EF-hand proteins, and physiologically, in the context of calpain regulation. There are two major parameters which one might wish to measure: the actual number of binding sites (n) and the binding constants for Ca2+. The latter is normally the macroscopic binding constant for Ca2+ of the molecule as a whole (Kd), or the microscopic binding constants for each of the EF-hands, but for cooperative binding these are much more difficult to measure. There is evidence of various kinds to suggest that Ca2+ binding causes conformational change in the whole molecule, and this forms the basis for measuring Ca2+ binding by means of changes in fluorescence.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blanchard H., Grochulski P., Li Y., Arthur J. S. C, Davies P. L., Elce J. S., and Cygler M. (1997) Structure of a calpain Ca2+-binding domain reveals a novel EF-hand and Ca2+-induced conformational changes. Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 532–538.
Lin G. D., Chattopadhyay D., Maki M., Wang K. K., Carson M., Jin L., Yuen P. W., Takano E., Hatanaka M., DeLucas L. J., and Narayana S. V. (1997) Crystal structure of calcium bound domain VI of calpain at 1.90 A resolution and its role in enzyme assembly, regulation, and inhibitor binding. Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 539–547.
Minami Y., Emori Y., Imajoh-Ohmi S., Kawasaki H., and Suzuki K. (1998) Carboxyl-terminal truncation and site-directed mutagenesis of the EF hand structure-domain of the small subunit of rabbit calcium-dependent protease. J. Biochem. 104, 927–933.
Michetti M., Salamino F., Minafra R., Melloni E., and Pontremoli S. (1997) Calcium-binding properties of human erythrocyte calpain. Biochem. J. 325, 721–726.
Elce J. S., Hegadorn C, and Arthur J. S. C. (1997) Autolysis, Ca2+requirement, and heterodimer stability in m-calpain. J. Bioi. Chem. 272, 11,268–11,275.
Dutt P., Arthur J. S. C, Croall D. E., and Elce J. S. (1998) m-Calpain subunits remain associated in the presence of calcium. FEBS Lett. 436, 367–371.
Weiss J. (1997) The Hill equation revisited, uses and misuses. FASEB J. 11, 835–841.
Hong H., Johnson P., and El-Saleh S. C. (1990) Effects of calcium and calmodulin antagonists on calpain II subunit conformations. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 12, 269–272.
McClure W. O. and Edelman G.M. (1966) Fluorescent probes for conformational states of proteins. I. Mechanism of fluorescence of 2-p-toluidinyl naphthalene-6-sulfonate. Biochemistry 5, 1908–1918.
Yang H. Q., Ma H., Takana E., Hatanaka M., and Maki M. (1994) Analysis of calcium-dependent interaction between am ino-terminal conserved region of calpastatin functional domain and calmodulin-like domain of fi-calpain large sub-unit. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18,977–18,984.
Maki M., Yamaguchi K., Kitaura Y., Satoh H., and Hitomi K. (1998) Calcium-induced exposure of a hydrophobic surface of mouse LAG-2, which is a member of the penta-EF-hand protein family. J. Biochem. 124, 1170–1177.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Arthur, J.S.C., Elce, J.S. (2000). Fluorescence Measurements of Ca2+ Binding to Domain VI of Calpain. In: Elce, J.S. (eds) Calpain Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 144. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-050-0:121
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-050-0:121
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-632-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-050-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols