Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common modifications in proteins. Among all characterized proteins, more than 50% are glycoproteins. During the last two decades, extensive knowledge about functional aspects of the glycans attached to the glycoproteins has been obtained (1,2). Structural characterization of glycoproteins, including glycan structure elucidation, is important for understanding their functions. Furthermore, characterization of glycosylation patterns of recombinant glycoproteins is of importance for both industry and pharmaceutical research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lis H. and Sharon N. (1993) Protein glycosylation. Structural and functional aspects. Eur. J. Biochem. 218, 1–27.
Varki A. (1993) Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct. Glycobiology 3, 97–130.
Harris R. J. and Spellman M. W. (1993) O-Linked fucose and other post-transla-tional modifications unique to EGF modules. Glycobiology 3, 219–224.
Prockop D. J., Kivirikko K. I., Tuderman L., and Guzman N. A. (1979) Medical progress. The biosynthesis of collagen and its disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 13–23.
Clausen H. and Bennett E. P. (1996) A family of UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferases control the initiation of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. Glycobiology 6, 635–646.
Haltiwanger R. S., Blomberg M. A., and Hart G. W. (1992) Glycosylation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Purificaton and characterization of a uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine: polypeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltrans-ferase. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9005–9013.
Hansen J. E., Lund O., Nielsen J. O., Hansen J.-E. S., and Brunak S. (1996) O-GLYCBASE: a revised database of O-glycosylated proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 248–252.
Harvey D. J. (1996) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. J. Chromatogr. 720, 429–446.
James D. C. (1996) Analysis of recombinant glycoproteins by mass spectrometry. Cytotechnology 22, 17–24.
Burlingame A. L. (1996) Characterization of protein glycosylation by mass spec-trometry. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 7, 4–10.
Carr S. A., Huddleston M. J., and Bean M. F. (1993) Selective identification and differentiation of N-and O-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins by liquid chro-matography-mass spectrometry. Protein Sci. 2, 183–196.
Huddleston M. J., Bean M. F., and Carr S. A. (1993) Collisional fragmentation of glycopeptides by electrospray ionization LC/MS and LC/MS/MS: methods for selective detection of glycopeptides in protein digests. Anal. Chem. 65, 877–884.
Huberty M. C., Vath J. E., Yu W., and Martin S. A. (1993) Site-specific carbohydrate identification in recombinant proteins using MALD-TOF MS. Anal. Chem. 65, 2791–2800.
Sutton C. W., O’Neill J. A., and Cottrell J. S. (1994) Site-specific characterization of glycoprotein carbohydrates by exoglycosidase digestion and laser desorption mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 218, 34–46.
Küster B., Naven T. J. P., and Harvey D. J. (1996) Rapid approach for sequencing neutral oligosaccharides by exoglycosidase digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 31, 1131–1140.
Mørtz E., Sareneva T., Julkunen I., and Roepstorff P. (1996) Does matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry allow analysis of carbohydrate heterogeneity in glycoproteins? A study of natural human interferon-Γ. J. Mass Spectrom. 31, 1109–1118.
Küster B., Wheeler S. F., Hunter A. P., Dwek R. A., and Harvey D. J. (1997) Sequencing of N-linked oligosaccharides directly from protein gels: in-gel deglycosylation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 250, 82–101.
Spengler B., Kirsch D., Kaufmann R., and Lemoine J. (1995) Structure analysis of branched oligosaccharides using post-source decay in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 30, 782–787.
Talbo G. and Mann M. (1996) Aspects of the sequencing of carbohydrates and oligonucleotides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization post-source decay. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 10, 100–103.
Rouse J. C., Strang A.-M., Yu W., and Vath J. E. (1998) Isomeric differentiation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization postsource decay time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 256, 33–46.
Reinhold V. N., Reinhold B. B., and Costello E. (1995) Carbohydrate molecular weight profiling, sequence, linkage, and branching data: ES-MS and CID. Anal. Chem. 67, 1772–1784.
Viseux N., de Hoffmann E., and Domon B. (1997) Structural analysis of permethylated oligosaccharides by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 69, 3193–3198.
Mørtz E., Sareneva T., Haebel S., Julkunen I., and Roepstorff P. (1996) Mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylated interferon-? variants separated by gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 17, 925–931.
Kristensen A. K., Schou C., and Roepstorff P. (1997) Determination of isoforms, N-linked glycan structure and disulfide bond linkages of the major cat allergen Fel d1 by a mass spectrometric approach. Biol. Chem. 378, 899–908.
Rahbek-Nielsen H., Roepstorff P., Reischl H., Wozny M., Koll H., and Haselbeck A. (1997) Glycopeptide profiling of human urinary erythropoietin by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 32, 948–958.
Krogh T. N., Bachmann E., Teisner B., Skjødt K., and Højrup P. (1997) Glycosylation analysis and protein structure determination of murine fetal antigen 1 (mFA1). The circulating gene product of the delta-like protein (dlk), preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1) and stromal-cell-derived protein 1 (SCP-1)cDNAs. Eur. J. Biochem. 244, 334–342.
Olsen E. H. N., Rahbek-Nielsen H., Thøgersen I. B., Roepstorff P., and Enghild J. J. (1998) Posttranslational modifications of human inter-α-inhibitor: identification of glycans and disulfide bridges in heavy chains 1 and 2. Biochemistry 37, 408–416.
Ploug M., Rahbek-Nielsen H., Nielsen P. F., Roepstorff P., and Danø K. (1998) Glycosylation profile of a recombinant urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 13,933–13,943.
Fierobe H.-P., Mirgorodskaya E., Frandsen T. P., Roepstorff P., and Svensson B. (1997) Overexpression and characterization of Aspergillus awamori wild-type and mutant glucoamylase secreted by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris: comparison with wild-type recombinant glucoamylase produced using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger as hosts. Protein Expression Purif. 9, 159–170.
Wandall H. H., Hassan H., Mirgorodskaya E., Kristensen A. K., Roepstorff P., Bennett E. P., et al. (1997) Substrate specificities of three members of the human UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, GalNAc-T1,-T2, and-T3. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23,503–23,514.
Karas M., Bahr U., Strupat K., Hillenkamp F., Tsarbopoulos A., and Pramanik B. N. (1995) Matrix dependence of metastable fragmentation of glycoproteins in MALDITOF mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67, 675–679.
Harvey D. J. (1993) Quantitative aspects of the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry of complex oligosaccharides. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 7, 614–619.
Goletz S., Thiede B., Hanisch F.-G., Schultz M., Peter-Katalinic J., Muller S., et al. (1997) A sequencing strategy for the localization of O-glycosylation sites of MUC1 tandem repeats by PSD-MALDI mass spectrometry. Glycobiology 7, 881–896.
Müller S., Goletz S., Packer N., Gooley A., Lawson M., and Hanisch F.-G. (1997) Localization of O-glycosylation sites on glycopeptide fragments from lactation-associated MUC 1. All putative sites within the tandem repeat are glycosylation targets in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24,780–24,793.
Rademaker G. J., Haverkamp J., and Thomas-Oates J. (1993) Determination of glycosylation sites in O-linked glycopeptides: a sensitive mass spectrometric protocol. Org. Mass Spectrom 28, 1536–1541.
Medzihradszky K. F., Gillece-Castro B. L., Townsend R. R., Burlingame A. L., and Hardy M. R. (1996) Structural elucidation of O-linked glycopeptides by high energy collision-induced dissociation. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 7, 391–328.
Greis K. D., Hayes B. K., Comer F. I., Kirk M., Barnes S., Lowary T. L., et al. (1996) Selective detection and site-analysis of O-GlcNAc-modified glycopeptides by β-elimination and tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 234, 38–49.
Hanisch F.-G., Green B. N., Bateman R., and Peter-Katalinic J. (1998) Localization of O-glycosylation sites of MUC1 tandem repeats by QTof ESI mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 33, 358–362.
Rademaker G. J., Pergantis S. A., Bloktip L., Langridge J. I., Kleen A., and Thomas-Oates J. E. (1998) Mass spectrometric determination of the sites of O-glycan attachment with low picomolar sensitivity. Anal. Biochem. 257, 149–160.
Mirgorodsakaya E., Hassan H., Wandall H. H., Clausen H., and Roepstorff P. (1999) Partial vapor phase hydrolysis of peptide bonds: a method for mass spectrometric determination of O-glycosylated sites in glycopeptides. Anal. Biochem. 269, 54–65
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mirgorodskaya, E., N. Krogh, T., Roepstorff, P. (2000). Characterization of Protein Glycosylation by MALDI-TOFMS. In: Chapman, J.R. (eds) Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 146. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-045-4:273
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-045-4:273
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-609-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-045-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols