Abstract
Auxotyping (growth of cells on chemically defined media) and serotyping (reaction of cells with a defined set of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs]) are the traditional and most widely used methods for the classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. As an example, Knapp et al. (1) used the combination of these two typing techniques to study the epidemiology of 489 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae collected over a 3-mo time period. Separately, 11 different auxotypes and 19 different serotypes were found, but when combined, a total of 57 auxotype/serotype classes were identified. Although this system was and still is very useful for epidemiological studies, some laboratories felt more comfortable using molecular techniques to classify their gonococcal isolates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Knapp, J. S., Holmes, K. K., Bonin, P., and Hook, E. W., III (1987) Epidemiology of gonorrhoeae: distribution and temporal changes in auxotype/serovar classes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sex. Transm. Dis. 14, 26–32.
Falk, E. S., Danielsson, D., Bjorvatn, B., Melby, K., Sorenson, B., and Kristianson, B. (1985) Genomic fingerprinting in the epidemiology of gonorrhoea. Acta. Derm. Venereol. 65, 235–239.
Falk, E. S., Bygdeman, S. M., Birkeland, N. S., Bjorvatn, B., Railings, I., and Sandstrom, E. G. (1988) Genotypes and phenotypes of B lactamase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from African countries. Genitourin. Med. 64, 226–232.
Poh, C. L., Ocampo, J. C., Sng, E. H., and Bygdeman, S. M. (1989) Rapid in situ generation of DNA restriction endonuclease patterns for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Gin. Micro. 27, 2784–2788.
Dasi, M., Nogueira, J. M., Camarena, J. J., Gil, C., Garcia-Verdu, R., Barbera, J. L., et al. (1992) Use of genomic fingerprinting in the characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Valencia, Spain. Eur. J. Clin. Micro. Infect. Dis. 11, 804–809.
Poh, C. L., Khng, H. P., Lim, C. K., and Loh, G. K. (1992) Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Genitourin. Med. 68, 106–110.
Smith, C. L. (1988) Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and the technology of large DNA molecules, in Genome Analysis: A Practical Approach (Davies, K. E., ed.), Oxford IRL, London, pp. 41–72.
Poh, C. L. and Lau, Q. C. (1993) Subtyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae auxotypeserovar groups by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Med. Microbiol. 38,366–370.
Li, H. and Dillon, J. R. (1995) Utility of ribotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to discriminate between isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae of serovar 1A-2 which require arginine, hypoxanthine or uracil for growth. J. Med. Microbiol. 43, 208–215.
Poh, C. L., Loh, G. K., and Tapsall, J. W. (1995) Resolution of clonal subgroups among Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1B-2 and 1B-6 serovars by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Genitourin. Med. 71, 145–149.
Hesse, S., Low, N., Molokwu, B., Uttley, A., Jephcott, A., Turner, A., et al. (1995) Molecular typing as an epidemiological tool in the study of sexual networks. Lancet 346, 976,977.
Xia, M., Whittington, W. L., Holmes, K. K., Plummer, F. A., and Roberts, M. C. (1995) Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for genomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Infect. Dis. 171, 455–458.
Maclean, I. W. (1995) Classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains by genotyping of the Por gene and serotyping by ELISA. Presented at the 11th Meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research (ISSTDR), New Orleans, LA, August 27–30, 1995. Abstract #287.
O’Rourke, M. (1995) Opa-typing: a high-resolution tool for studying the epidemiology of gonorrhoea. Mol. Microbiol. 17, 865–875.
Camarena, J. J., Nogueira, J. M., Dasi, M. A., Moreno, F., Garcia, R., Ledesma, E., et al. (1995) DNA amplification fingerprinting for subtyping Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. Sex. Transm. Dis. 22, 128–136.
Poh, C. L., Ramachandran, V., and Tapsall, J. W. (1996) Genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1B-2 and 1B-6 isolates revealed by whole-cell repetitive element sequence-based PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 292–295.
Birren, B. and Lai, E. (1993) Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis, A Practical Guide. Academic, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Maclean, I. (1999). Genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis and PCR. In: Peeling, R.W., Sparling, P.F. (eds) Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 20. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-535-2:143
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-535-2:143
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-535-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-212-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols