Skip to main content

I1 PP2A and I2 PP2A

Two Potent Protein Phosphatase 2A-Specific Inhibitor Proteins

  • Protocol

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 93))

Abstract

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a protein serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates the activities of key rate-limiting enzymes and proteins involved in diverse cellular processes (14). However, although much is known about the subunit composition and sequence of different forms of the enzyme (17), little information is available on its regulation. Nonetheless, evidence has emerged that the catalytic subunit of PP2A is subject to posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation on threonines (810) and tyrosines (11), and methylation at Leu309 (1214). Phosphorylation at either threonine or tyrosine residues inactivates PP2A (810). By contrast, methylation appears to activate the phosphatase (14).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Cohen, P. (1989) The structure and regulation of protein phosphatases. Ann Rev Biochem 58, 453–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shenolikar, S. and Nairn, A. C. (1991) Protein phosphatases: recent progress Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 23, 1–121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mumby, M. C. and Walter, G. (1993) Protein serine/threonine phosphatases: structure, regulation and function in cell growth. Physiol Rev 73, 673–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wera, S., and Hemmings, B. A. (1994) Serine/threonine protein phosphatases. Biochem J 311, 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  5. McCright, B. and Virshup, D. M. (1995) Identification of a new family of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunits. J Biol Chem 270, 26,123–26,128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Csortos, C., Zolnierowicz, S., Bako, E., Durbin, S. D., and DePaoli-Roach, A. A. (1996) High complexity in the expression of the B′ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A0. Evidence for the existence of at least seven novel isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 2578–2588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zolnierowicz, S., Van Hoof, C, Andjelkovicm M., Cron, P., Stevens, I., Merlevede, W., Goris, J., and Hemmings, B. A. (1993) The variable subunit associated with protein phosphatase 2A0 defines a novel multimember family of regulatory subunits. Biochem. J. 268, 15,267–15,276.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Guo, H., Reddy, S. A. G., and Damuni, Z., (1993) Purification and characterization of an autophosphorylation-activated protein serine threonine kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates protein phosphatase 2A. J. Biol Chem. 268, 11,193–11,198.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Guo, H. and Damuni, Z. (1993) Autophosphorylation-activated protein kinase phosphorylates and inactivates protein phosphatase 2A. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 2500–2504.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Damuni, Z., Xiong, H., and Li, M. (1994) Autophosphorylation-activated protein kinase inactivates the protein tyrosine phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A. FEBS Lett. 352, 311–314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen, J., Martin, B. L., and Brautigan D. L. (1992) Regulation of protein serine threonine phosphatase type-2A by tyrosine phosphorylation. Science 257, 1261–1264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee, J. and Stock, J. (1993) Protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit is methylesterified at its carboxyl terminus by a novel methyltransferase. J. Biol Chem. 268, 19,192–19,195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Xie, H. and Clarke, S. (1994) Protein phosphatase 2A is reversibly modified by methyl esterification at its C-terminal leucine residue in bovine brain. J. Biol Chem. 269, 1981–1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Favre, B., Zolnierowicz, S., Turowski, P., and Hemmings, B. A. (1994) The catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A is carboxyl-methylated in vivo. J. Biol Chem. 269, 16,311–16,317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li, M., Guo, H., and Damuni, Z. (1995) Purification and characterization of two potent heat-stable protein inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2 A from bovine kidney. Biochemistry 34, 1988–1996.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li, M., Makkinje, A., and Damuni, Z. (1996) Molecular identification of I1 PP2A, a novel potent heat-stable inhibitor protein of protein phosphatase 2A. Biochemistry 35, 6998–7002.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Li, M., Makkinje, A., and Damuni, Z. (1996) The myeloid leukemia-associated protein SET is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A. J. Biol Chem. 271, 11,059–11,062.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Deibler, G. E., Boyd, L. F., and Kies, M. W. (1984) Proteolytic activity associated with purified myelin basic protein. Prog. Clin. Biol Res. 146, 249–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Damuni, Z., Amick, G. D., and Sneed, T. R. (1989) Purification and properties of a distinct protamine kinase from the cytosol of bovine kidney cortex. J. Biol Chem. 264, 6412–6416.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Li, M., Damuni, Z. (1998). I1 PP2A and I2 PP2A . In: Ludlow, J.W. (eds) Protein Phosphatase Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 93. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-468-2:59

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-468-2:59

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-468-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-267-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics