Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Principles of Enzyme Biosensors

  • Protocol
Enzyme and Microbial Biosensors

Part of the book series: Methods in Biotechnology ((MIBT,volume 6))

Abstract

An enzyme biosensor is an analytical device that combines an enzyme with a transducer to produce a signal proportional to target analyte concentration. This signal can result from a change in proton concentration, release or uptake of gases, such as ammonia or oxygen, light emission, absorption or reflectance, heat emission, and so forth, brought about by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. The transducer converts this signal into a measurable response, such as current, potential, temperature change, or absorption of light through electrochemical, thermal, or optical means. This signal can be further amplified, processed, or stored for later analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Clark, L. C. and Lyons, C. (1962) Electrode systerm for continuous monitoring of cardiovascular surgery Ann. NY Acad Sci 102, 29–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Guilbault, G G (1984) Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes Marcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kaun, S. S. and Guilbault, G. G. (1987) Ion-selective electrodes and biosensors based on ISEs, in Biosensors Fundamentals and Applications (Turner, A. P. F., Karube, I, and Wilson, G. S., eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 135–152.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kauffmann, J.-M. and Guilbault, G. G. (1991) Potentiometric enzyme electrodes, in Biosensor Principles and Applications (Coulet, L. J and Blum, P R, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 63–82.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Luong, J. H. T, Groom, C. A., and Male, K. B. (1991) The potential role of biosensors in the food and drink industries. Biosens. Bioelectron 6, 547–554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brand, U., Brandes, L., Koch, V, Kullik, T., Reinhardt, B., Rüther, F, Scheper, T., Schugerl, K., Wang, S., Wu, X., Ferreti, R., Prasad, S., and Wilhelm, D (1991) Monitoring and control of biotechnological production processes by Bio-FET-FIA-sensors Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 36, 167–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ho, M H. (1988) Potentiomctric biosensor based on immobilized enzyme membrane and fluoride detector Sens Act 515, 445–451

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hintsche, R., Dransfeld, I., Scheller, F., Pham, M. T., Hoffmann, W., Hueller, J., and Moritz, W (1990) Integrated differential enzyme sensors using hydrogen and fluoride ion sensitive multigate FETs. Biosens Bioelect 5, 327–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Guilbault, G G. and Luong, J. H T. (1989) Biosensors: current status and future possibilities. Selective Electrode Rev. 11, 3–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Beyer, M., Menzel, C, Quact, R., Scheper, T., Schügerl, K., Treichel, W., Voit, H., Ullrich, M., and Ferretti, R. (1994) Development and application of a new enzyme sensor type based on the EIS-capacitance structure for bioprocess control. Biosensor Biosensor Bioelect 9, 17–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Carr, P. W. and Bowers, L. D. (1980) Immobilized enzymes, in Analytical Chemistry Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gorton, L., Csoregi, E., Dominguez, E., Emneus, J., Jonsson-Pettersson, G., Marko-Varga, G., and Persson, B. (1991) Selective detection in flow analysis based on the combination of immobilized enzymes and chemically modified electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 250, 203–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cardosi, M. F. and Turner, A. P. F. (1989) The realization of electron transfer from biological molecules to electrodes, in Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications (Turner, A. P. F., Karube, I., and Wilson, G., eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, pp 257–275.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Almeida, N. F. and Mulchandani, A. (1993) A mediated enzyme eletrode using tetrathiafulvalene and L-glutamate oxidase for the determination of L-glutamic acid. Anal. Chim Acta 282, 353–361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cass, A. E. G., Davis, G, Francis, G. D, Hill, H. A. O., Aston, W. J, Higgins, I. J, Plotkin, E. V., Scott, L D. L., and Turner, A. P. F. (1984) Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose. Anal Chem. 56, 667–671.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kajiya, Y., Sugai, H., Iwakura, C, and Yoneyama, H. (1991) Glucose sensitivity of polypyrole films containing immobilized glucose oxidase and hydroquinonesulfonate ions Anal. Chem 63, 49–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schuhmann, W. (1993) Non-leaking amperometric biosensors based on high-molecular ferrocene derivatives. Biosens. Bioelect 8, 191–196.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Foulds, N. C. and Lowe, C. R. (1988) Immobilization of glucose oxidase in ferrocene modified pyrrole polymers. Anal Chem. 60, 2473–2476.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Heller, A. (1992) Electrical connection of enzyme redox centers to electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. 96, 3579–3587.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mulchandani, A., Wang, C.-L., and Weetall, H. H. (1955) Amperometric detection of peroxides with poly(anilinomethylferrocene) modified enzyme electrodes. Anal. Chem 67, 94–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang, J., Wu, L. H., Lu, Z., Li, R., and Sanchez, J. (1990) Mixed ferroceneglucose oxidase-carbon-paste electrode for amperometric determination of glucose. Anal. Chim. Acta 228, 251–257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pandey, P. C, Glazier, S., and Weetall, H. H. (1993) An amperometric flowinjection analysis biosensor for glucose based on graphite paste modified with tetracyanoquinodimethane. Anal. Biochem. 214, 233–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mattiasson, B., Danielsson, B., Mandenius, C. F., and Winquist, F. (1981) Enzyme thermistors for process control. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 369, 295–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mandenius, C. F., Danielsson, B., and Mattiasson, B. (1984) Evaluation of a dialysis probe for continuous sampling in fermentors and in complex media. Anal. Chim. Acta 163, 135–141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Guilbault, G. G., Danielsson, B., Mandenius, C. F., and Mosbach, K. (1983) Enzyme electrode and thermistor probes for the determination of alcohols with alcohol oxidase. Anal. Chem. 54, 1582–1585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Scheper, T., Brandes, W., Grau, C, Hundeck, H. G., Reinhardt, B., Ruther, F., Plota, F., Schelp, C., Schugerl, K., Schneider, K. H., Rehr, B., and Sahm, H (1991) Applications of biosensor systems for bioprocess monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 249, 25–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rogers, K. R., Cao, C. J., Valdes, J. J., Eldefrawi, A. T., and Aldefrawi, M. E. (1991) Acetylcholinesterase fiber-optic biosensor for detection of anticholinesterases. Fund Appl Toxicol. 16, 810–820.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gautier, S. M., Blum, L. J., and Coulet, P. R. (1990) Fibre-optic biosensor based on luminescence and immobilized enzymes. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 5, 57–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cattaneo, M. V. and Luong, J. H. T. (1993) Monitoring glutamine in animal cell cultures using a chemiluminescence fiber optic biosensor. Biotechnol. Bioeng 41, 659–665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Arnold, M A (1991) Fluorophore-and chromophore-based biosensors, in Biosensor Principles and Applications (Blum, L. J and Coulet, P R, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 195–212.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kierstan, M. P. J and Coughlan, M. P. (1985) Immobilization of cells and enzymes by gel entrapment, in Immobilized Cells and Enzyme (Woodward, J., ed.), IRL, Oxford, UK, pp. 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Messing, R. A. (1976) Adsorption and inorganic bridge formations. Methods Enzymol. 44, 148–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Stoecker, P. W. and Yacynych, A. M (1990) Chemically modified electrodes as biosensors. Selective Electrode Rev. 12, 137–160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Weetall, H H. (1993) Preparation of immobilized proteins covalently coupled through silane coupling agents to inorganic supports. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 41, 157–188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Assolant-Vinet, C H. and Coulet, P R. (1986) New immobilized enzyme membranes for tailor-made biosensors. Anal. Lett. 19, 875–885.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mulchandani, A., Male, K. B., and Luong, J. H. T (1989) Development and application of a biosensor for hypoxanthine in fish extract. Anal. Chim Acta 221, 215–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Villarata, R L, Palleschi, G, Lubarano, G. J., Suleiman, A A., and Guilbault, G G (1991) Amperometric aspartate electrode. Anal Chim. Acta 245, 63–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Foulds, N. C. and Lowe, C. R. (1986) Enzyme entrapment in electrically conducting polymer. J. Chem. Soc Faraday Trans 182, 1259–1264.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bartlett, P. N., Tebbutt, P., and Tyrrell, C H. (1992) Electrochemical immobilization of enzymes. 3. Immobilization of glucose oxidase in thin films of electrochemically polymerized phenols. Anal Chem 64, 138–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Reynolds, E. R., Geise, R. J., and Yacynych, A. M. (1992) Electropolymerized films for the construction of ultramicrobiosensors and electron-mediated amperometric biosensors. ACS Symp. Ser. No. 497 American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 186–200

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marlan and Rosemay Bourns College of Engineering, University of Callõrnia, Riverside, CA

    Ashok Mulchandani

Authors
  1. Ashok Mulchandani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Riverside, CA

    Ashok Mulchandani

  2. US-EPA, Las Vegas, NV

    Kim R. Rogers

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Mulchandani, A. (1998). Principles of Enzyme Biosensors. In: Mulchandani, A., Rogers, K.R. (eds) Enzyme and Microbial Biosensors. Methods in Biotechnology, vol 6. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-410-0:3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-410-0:3

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-410-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-484-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation