Abstract
In comparison to the sequencing of other biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins, the sequencing of oligosaccharides (glycans) of glycoproteins generally requires specialized expertise and facilities Whereas techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance can give full sequence information (1–3), they are only available in relatively few laboratories and are by no means routine (discussed further in Chapter 11).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Brockbank, R. L. and Vogel, H. J. (1990) Structure of the oligosaccharide of hen phosvitin as determined by two-dimensional NMR of the intact glycoprotein. Biochemistry. 29, 5574–5583.
Homans, S. W. (1992) Homonuclear three-dimensional NMR methods for the complete assignment of proton NMR spectra of oligosaccharides-application to Gal beta 1–4 (Fuc alpha 1–3) GlcNAc beta 1–3Gal beta 1–4Glc. Glycobiology. 2, 153–159.
Van Halbeek, H. (1994) 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. Methods Enzymol. 230, 132–168.
Jacob, G. S. and Scudder, P. (1994) Glycosidases in structural analysis. Methods Enzymol. 230, 280–299.
Maley, F., Trimble, R. B., Tarentino, A. L., and Plummer, T. H., Jr. (1989) Characterization of glycoproteins and then associated oligosaccharides through the use of endoglycosidases Anal. Biochem. 180, 195–204.
Kobata, A., Yamashita, K., and Takahashi, S. (1987) Biogel P-4 column chromatography of obgosaccharides Effective size of oligosaccharides expressed in glucose units. Methods Enzymol. 138, 84–93.
Parekh, R. B., Tse, A. G., Dwek, R. A., Willliams, A. F., and Rademacher, T. W. (1987) Tissue-specific N-glycosylation, site-specific oligosaccharide patterns and lentil lectin recognition of rat Thy-1. EMBO. J. 6, 1233–1244
Bigge, J. C., Patel, T. P., Bruce, J. A., Goulding, P. N., Charles, S. M., and Parekh, R. B. (1995) Non-selective and efficient fluorescent labelling of glycans using 2-aminobenzamide and anthtranilic acid. Biochemistry. 230, 229–238.
Yamashita, K., Ohkura, T., Yoshima, H., and Kobata, A. (1981) Substrate specificity of diplococcal beta-N-acetylhexosamimidase. A useful enzyme for the structural analysis of complex type asparagine linked sugar chains. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 100, 226–234.
Dwek, R. A., Edge, C. J., Harvey, D. J., Wormald, M. R., and Parekh, R. B. (1993) Glycoform analysis of glycoproteins. Ann. Rev. Blochem. 52, 65–101.
Kobata, A. (1994) Size fractionation of oligosaccharides. Methods Enzymol. 230, 200–208.
Yamashita, K., Mizuochi, T., and Kobata, A. (1982) Analysis of oligosaccharides by gel filtration. Methods Enzymol. 83, 105–126.
Plummer, T. H. and Tarantino, A. (1991) Purification of the ohgosaccharide-cleaving enzymes of Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Glycobiology. 1, 257–264.
Tarentino, A. L., and Plummer, T. H., Jr. (1994) PNGase enzymatic deglycosylation of asparagine-linked glycans. purification, properties and specificity of oligosaccharide-cleaving enzymes from Flavobacterium mentngosepticum. Methods Enzymol. 230, 44–57.
Takasaki, S., Mizouchi, T., and Kobata, A. (1982) Hydrazinolysis of aspargine-liked sugar chains to produce free oligosaccharides. Methods Enzymol. 83, 263–268.
Patel, T., Bruce, J., Merry, A., Bigge, C., Wormald, M., Jacques, A., and Parekh, R. (1993) Use of hydrazine to release intact and unreduced forms of both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. Biochemistry. 32, 679–693.
Edge, C. J., Rademacher, T. W., Wormald, M. R., Parekh, R. B., Butters, T. D., Wing, D. R., and Dwek, R. A. (1992) Fast sequencing of oligosaccharides. the reagent-array analysis method. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89, 6338–6342.
Mizuochi, T., Yonemasu, K., Yamashita, K., and Kobata, A. (1978) The asparagine linked sugar chains of subcomponent C 1 q of the first component of human complement. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 7404–7409.
Parekh, R. B. Dwek, R. A., Thomas, J. R., Opdenaker, G., and Rademacher, T. (1989) Cell-type-specific and site-specific N-glycosylation of type I and type II human tissue plasminogen activator Biochemtstry 28, 7644–7662.
Kornfeld, R. and Kornfeld, S. (1985) Assembly of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 54, 631–664.
Schachter, H. and Brockhausen, I. (1992) The biosynthesis of serine (threonine)-N-acetyl lactosamine-linked carbohydrate moieties, in Glycoconjugates—Composition, Structure and Function (Allen, H. J. and Kisaillis, E. C., eds.), Dekker, New York, pp. 263–290.
Parekh, R. B., Deannley, J., Ventom, A., Edge, C., and Prime, S. (1996) Oligosaccharide sequencing based on exo-and endo-glycosidase digestion and liquid chromatography products. J. Chromatogr. 720, 263–274.
Treumann, A., Lifely, M. R., Schneider, P., Ferguson, M. A. J. (1995) Primary structure of CD52 J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6088–6099.
Yamashita, K., Kamerling, J. P., and Kobata, A. (1983) Structural studies of the sugar chains of hen ovomucoid Evidence indicating that they are formed mainly by the alternate biosynthetic pathway of asparagine-linked sugar chains. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3099–3106.
Ichishima, E., Arai, M., Shigematsu, Y., Kumagai, H., and Sumida-Tanaka, R. (1981) Purification of an acidic α-D-mannosidase from Aspergillus saitoi and specific cleavage of 1-2α-D-mannosidic linkage in yeast mannan. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 658, 45–53.
Li, Y. T. (1967) Studies on the glycosidases in Jack Bean Meal J. Biol. Chem. 242, 5474–5480.
Merry, A. H., Bruce, J., Bigge, C., and Ioannides, A. (1992) Automated simultaneous release of intact and unreduced N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 20, 91.
Norris, G. E., Flaus, A. J., Moore, C. H., and Baker, E. N. (1994) Glycobiology: purification and crystallization of the endoglycosidase PNGase F, a peptide N-gly-cosidase from. Flavobacterium meningosepticum. J. Mel. Biol. 241, 624–626.
Davies, M. J., Smith, K. D., and Hounsell, E. F. (1994) The release of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. Methods Mol. Biol. 32, 129–141.
Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Tenkolsky, S. A., and Vetterling, W. T. (1988) Statistical description of data, in Numerical Recipes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 490–494.
Guile, G. G., Rudd, P. M., Wing, D. R., Prime, S. B., and Dwek, R. A. (1996) A rapid high resolution method for separating oligosaccharide mixtures and analysing sugar prints. Anal. Biochem. 240, 210–226.
Harvey, D. J., Rudd, PM., Bateman, R. H., Bordoli, R. S., Howes, K., Hoyes, J. B., and Vickers, R. G. (1994) Examination of complex oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry on time-of-flight and magnetic sector instruments. Organic Mass Spectrom. 29, 753–765.
Rudd, P. M., Morgan, B. P., Wormald, M. R., Harvey, D. J., van den Berg, C. W., Davis, S. J., Ferguson, M. A. J., and Dwek, R. A. (1997) The glycosylation of the complement regulatory protein, human erythrocyte CD59. J. Biol. Chem.. 272, 7229–7244.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Prime, S., Merry, T. (1998). Exoglycosidase Sequencing of N-Linked Glycans by the Reagent Array Analysis Method (RAAM). In: Hounsell, E.F. (eds) Glycoanalysis Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 76. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-355-4:53
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-355-4:53
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-355-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-562-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols