Skip to main content

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Methods of Analyzing the Epidemic in the United Kingdom

  • Protocol

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicine ((MIMM,volume 3))

Abstract

It seems unlikely that anyone could have foretold the interest, controversy, and concern that the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle in Great Britain would cause when the author was commissioned to investigate its epidemiology in the spring of 1987. The epidemic has proved to be the largest food-borne epidemic of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), and has been the subject of detailed scrutmy epidemiologically, by international agencies and governments, and by representatives of all types of media worldwide. During the course of the epidemic an attempt has been made to decipher the epidemiology of BSE with the usual objectives, the most important being to provide a model of causation such that necessary statutory controls could be identified and enacted to protect animal and human health, both in Great Britain and abroad.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Rothman, K J (1986) Modern Epidemiology Little, Brown and Co., Boston/Toronto, pp. 7–21

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wells, G A H, Scott, A C, Johnson, C T, Gunning, R F, Hancock, R D., Jeffrey, M., and Bradley, R. (1987) A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Vet Rec 121, 419,420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dawson, M., Mansley, L. M., Hunter, A. R., Stack, M. J., and Scott, A C (1987) Comparison of scrapie associated fibril detection and histology in the diagnosis of natural sheep scrapie. Vet Rec 121, 591.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wells, G. A. H., Hawkins, S. A. C., Hadlow, W. J. and Spencer, Y. I. (1992) The discovety of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and observations on the vacuolar changes, in Prion Diseases in Humans and Animals (Prusmer, S., Collinge, J., Powell, J, and Anderton, B., eds.), Ellis Horwood, London, pp 256–274

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wilesmith, J. W. and Wells, G. A. H. (1991) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, in Transmissible Sponglform Encephalopathies Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 172 (Chesebro, B. W., ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heldelberg, pp 21–38

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Wells, G. A. H. and Wilesmith, J. W. (1989) The distribution pattern of neuronal vacuolation in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is constant. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 15, 591

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wells, G. A. H., Hancock, R. D., Cooley, W. A., Richards, M. S., Higgins, R. J., and David, G. P. (1989) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata. Vet Ret 125, 521–524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wells, G. A. H., Scott, A. C., Wilesmith, J. W., Simmons, M. M., and Matthews, D. (1994) Correlation between the results of a histological examination and the detection of abnormal brain flbrils in the diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Res Vet Set. 56, 346–351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Scott, A. C., Wells, G. A. H., Chaplin, M. J., and Dawson, M. (1992) Bovine sponglform encephalopathy. detection of fibrlls in the central nervous system is not affected by autolysis. Res Vet Ser. 52, 332–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wells, G. A. H., Dawson, M., Hawkins, S. A. C., Green, R. B., Dexter, I., Francis, M. E., Simmons, M. M., Austin, A. R., and Horigan, M. W. (1994) Infectivlty in the ileum of cattle challenged orally with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Vet. Rec. 135, 40,41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hill, A. B. (1965) The environment and disease. association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58, 295–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wilesmith, J. W. (1993) BSE epidemiological approaches, trials and tribulations. Prev Vet Med 18, 33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wilesmith, J. W., Wells, G. A. H., Cranwell, M. P., and Ryan, J. B. M. (1988) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies. Vet Rec 123, 638–644

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wilesmith, J. W., Ryan, J. B. M., Hueston, W. D., and Homville, L. J. (1991) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. descriptive epidemiological features 1985–1990. Vet Rec 130, 90–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wilesmith, J. W. (1991) Epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Semin Virol 2, 239–245

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wilesmith, J. W. ( 1994) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and related diseases an epidemiological overview. N Z Vet J 42, 1–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jeffrey, M. and Wells, G. A. H. (1988) Spongiform encephalopathy in a nyala. (Tragelaphus angusl) Vet Pathol 25, 398,399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brookmeyer, R. and Gail, M. H. (1988) A method for determining shortterm predictions and lower bounds on the size of the AIDS epidemic. J Am Stat Soc 83, 301–308

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wooldridge, M J A (1995) A study of the incubation period, or age at onset, of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies/prion diseases. Ph D Thesis, University of London

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wilesmith, J W, Ryan, J B M, and Atkinson, M J (1991) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy epideintological studies on the origin Vet Rec 128, 199–203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Schlesselman, J J (1982) Case-Control Studies Design, Conduct, Analysis Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Homville, L J, Wilesmith, J W, and Richards, M. S (1995) An investigation of risk factors for cases of bovine spongtform encephalopathy born after the introduction of the “feed ban” Vet Rec 136, 312–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Brown, P (1994) Vertical transmission of prion diseases Hum Reprod 9, 1796,1797

    Google Scholar 

  24. Homville, L J (1995) A review of the epidemiology of scrapie in sheep. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz (submitted for publication)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wilesmith, J W. ( 1992) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. a brief epidemiography, 1985–1991, in Prion Diseases of Humans and Animals (Prusmer, S., Collinge, J., Powell, J., and Anderton, B, eds), Elbs Horwood, London, pp. 243–255.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wilesmith, J W (1994) Update on the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain, in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Bradley, R. and Marchant, B., eds.), Commission of the European Communities, September 14–15, Brussels, pp 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  27. (1995) Bovine Spongtform Encephalopathy An Update Report, May 1995. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. London

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wells, G A H and Wilesmith, J W. (1995) The neuropathology and epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Brain Pathol. 5, 91–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hoinville, L J (1992) MSc Thesis, London University.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Wilesmith, J. W, Homville, L J, Ryan, J B M,and Sayers, A R (1992) Bovine sponglform encephalopathy aspects of the clinical picture and analysis of possible changes Vet Rec 130, 197–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Homvtlle, L J. (1994) Decline in the incidence of BSE in cattle born after the introduction of the “feed ban”. Vet Rec 134, 214,275

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kimberlin, R H and Wilesmith, J W (1994) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): eprdeintology, low dose exposure and risks Ann NY Acad Sci 724, 210–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (1995) Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies A summary of present knowledge and research, September 1994 HMSO, London

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wilesmith, J W (1995) Recent observations on the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, in Proceedrngs of VIth International Workshop on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy The BSE Dilemma (Gibbs, C J., ed.), Serono Symposia Norwell, VA, in press

    Google Scholar 

  35. Richards, M S, Wilesmith, J. W., Ryan, J B M, Mitchell, A P, Wooldridge, M. J A., Sayers, A R, and Homvtlle, L J (1993) Methods of predicting BSE incidence, in Proceedings of the Society for Veterunary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Thrusfield, M V, ed.), The Society, pp. 70–81

    Google Scholar 

  36. Holford, T. R (1992) Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort Stat Meth. Med. Res 1, 317–337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hunter, N, Goldmann, W, Smith, G, and Hope, J (1994) Frequencies of PrP gene variants in healthy cattle and cattle with BSE in Scotland Vet Rec 135, 400–403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Dawson, M., Wells, G A H, and Parker, B N. J (1990) Prelimmary evidence of the transmissibility of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to cattle Vet Rec 126, 112,113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dawson, M., Wells, G A H, Parker, B. N. J., Francis, M. E, Scott, A C, Hawkins, S. A. C., Martin, T C, Simmons, M M, and Austin, A R (1994) Transmission studies of BSE in cattle, pigs and domestic fowl, in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Bradley, R. and Marchant, B, eds), Commission of the European Commumties, September 14–15, Brussels, pp. 161–167.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Wilesmith, J.W. (1996). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. In: Baker, H.F., Ridley, R.M. (eds) Prion Diseases. Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 3. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-342-2:155

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-342-2:155

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-342-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-587-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics