Skip to main content

Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure by Energy Minimization

  • Protocol
Computer Analysis of Sequence Data

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 25))

Abstract

Secondary structure prediction for RNA is fundamentally different from three-dimensional molecular modeling (1). A secondary structure of an RNA molecule is simply a collection of predicted base pairs subject to a few simple rules. Base pairs can be either G-C or A-U Watson-Crick pairs, or the weaker G-U pair.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Major, F., Turcotte, M., Gautheret, D., Lapalme, G., Pillion, E., and Cedergren, R. (1991) The combination of symbolic and numerical computation for three-dimensional modeling of RNA. Science 253, 1255–1260.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. de Smit, M. H. and van Duin, J. (1990) Control of prokaryotic translation initiation by mRNA secondary structure. Prog. Nucleic Acids Res. Mol. Biol. 38, 1–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mills, D. R, Priano, C, Merz, P A, and nderow, B D. (1990) QP RNA bacteriophage, mapping cis-acting elements within an RNA genome. J Virol 64, 3872–3881

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Michel, F. and Westhof, E. (1990) Modelling of the three-dimensional architecture of group I catalytic introns based on comparative sequence analysis J. Mol. Biol. 216, 585–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Woese, C. R., Gutell, R. R., Gupta, R, and Noller, H F. (1983) Detailed analysis of the higher order structure of 16S-like ribosomal ribonucleic acids. Microbiol Rev. 47, 621–669.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Winker, S., Overbeek, R., Woese, C R, Olsen, G. J., and Pfluger, N. (1990) Structure detection through automated covariance search. CABIOS 6, 365–371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sankoff, D (1976) Evolution of secondary structure of 5S ribosomal RNA. Paper presented at Tenth Numerical Taxonomy Conference, Lawrence, KS.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Waterman, M. S. (1978) Secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids, Studies in Foundations and Combinatorics, Advances in Mathematics, Supplementary Studies 1, 167–212.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Nussinov, R., Pieczenik, G., Griggs, J. R., and Kleitman, D. J. (1978) Algorithm for loop matchings, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 35, 68–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nussinov, R and Jacobson, A (1980) Fast algorithm for predicting the secondary structure of single-stranded RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 6309–6313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zukef, M and Stiegler, P. (1981) Optimal computer folding of large RNA sequences using thermodynamics and auiliary information Nucleic Acids Res 9, 133–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sankoff, D., Kruskal, J. B., Mainville, S, and Cedergren, R. J (1984) Fast algorithms to determine RNA secondary structures containing multiple loops, in Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules-The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison (Sankoff, D. and Kruskal, J B., eds.), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, pp. 93–120.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zuker, M. and Sankoff, D. (1984) RNA secondary structures and their prediction. Bull. Math. Biol. 46, 591–621.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zuker, M. (1989) On finding all suboptimal foldings of an RNA molecule. Science 244, 48–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jaeger, J. A, Turner, D. H., and Zuker, M. (1989) Improved predictions of secondary structures for RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 86, 7706–7710.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jaeger, J. A., Turner, D H., and Zuker, M. (1990) Predicting optimal and suboptimal secondary structure for RNA, in Molecular Evolution. Computer Analysis of Protein and Nucleic Acids Sequences (Doolittle, R. F, ed.), Meth. Enzym.183, Academic Press, pp. 281–306.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Freier, S. M., Kierzek, R., Jaeger, J. A., Sugimoto, N., Caruthers, M. H., Neilson, T., and Turner, D. H. (1986) Improved free-energy parameters for predictions of RNA duplex stability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 83, 9373–9377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Turner, D. H., Sugimoto, N., Jaeger, J. A., Longfellow, C. E., Freier, S M., and Kierzek, R. (1987) Improved parameters for prediction of RNA structure. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 52, 123–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Turner, D H., Sugimoto, N., and Freier, S. M. (1988) RNA structure prediction Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys Chem. 17, 167–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pleij, C W. A. and Bosch, L. (1989) RNA pseudoknots: structure, detection and prediction, in RNA Processing (Dahlberg, J. E. and Abelson, J. N, eds ), Meth Enzym 180, Academic Press, pp 289–303

    Google Scholar 

  21. Zuker, M (1989) Computer prediction of RNA structure, in RNA Processing (Dahlberg, J. E and Abelson, J. N., eds.), Meth Enzym 180, Academic Press, pp. 262–288.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Devereux, J., Haeberii, P, and Smithies, O. (1984) A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res 12, 387–395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zuker, M., Jaeger, J. A., and Turner, D. H. (1991) A comparison of optimal and suboptimal RNA secondary structures predicted by free energy minimization with structures determined by phylogenetic comparison. Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 2707–2714.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bilofsky, H. S. and Burks, C. (1988) The GenBank genetic sequence data bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 1861–1863.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cameron, G N (1988) The EMBL data library Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 1865–1867.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sidman, K E., George, D G., Barker, W. C, and Hunt, L T (1988) The protein identification resource. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 1869–1871.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Roode, D., Liebschutz, R., Maulik, S, Friedmann, T, Benton, D., and Kristofferson, D. (1988) New developments at BIONET. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 1857–1859.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Woese, C. R., Winker, S., and Gutell, R. R (1990) Architecture of ribosomal RNA: constraints on the sequence of “tetra-loops.” Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8467–8471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Labuda, D. and Striker, G. (1989) Sequence conservation in Alu evolution. Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 2477–2491.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zuker, M. (1989) The use of dynamic programming algorithms in RNA secondary structure prediction, in Mathematical Methods for DNA Sequences (Waterman, M. S., ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 159–184.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Shapiro, B. A., Maizel, J. V, Jr., Lipkin, L. E, Currey, K. M, and Whitney, C (1984) Generating non-overlapping displays of nucleic acid secondary structure. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 75–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bruccoleri, R. E. and Hemrich, G. (1988) An improved algorithm for nucleic acid secondary structure display. CABIOS 4, 167–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Human Press Inc, Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Zuker, M. (1994). Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure by Energy Minimization. In: Computer Analysis of Sequence Data. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 25. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-276-0:267

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-276-0:267

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-276-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-512-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics