Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and use of fluorescently labeled lipid probes to follow transport in living cells at a microscopic level have greatly expanded our knowledge of intracellular lipid trafficking. Although lipids containing a number of covalently attached fluorophores have been synthesized, most transport studies have used lipids labeled with 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole (NBD).** Several lines of evidence suggest that NBD-labeled lipids faithfully mimic their native counterparts (see ref. 1 for review). For example:
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pagano, R E and Sleight, R. G. (1985) Defining lipid transport pathways in animal cells. Science 229, 1051–1057
Struck, D. K. and Pagano, R. E. (1980) Insertion of fluorescent phospholipids into the plasma membrane of a mammalian cell. J. Biol. Chem 255, 5404–5410
Sleight, R. G. and Pagano, R. E. (1985) Transbilayer movement of a fluorescent phosphatidylethanolamine analog across the plasma membrane of cultured mammalian cells J. Biol Chem 260, 1146–1154
Monti, J. A, Christian, S. T, Shaw, W. A., and Finley, W. H. (1977) Synthesis and properties of a fluorescent derivative of phosphatidylcholine. Life Sei. 21, 345–356.
Longmuir, K. J., Martin, O. C, and Pagano, R. E (1985) Synthesis of fluorescent and radiolabeled analogs of phosphatidic acid. Chem. Phys. Lipids 36, 197–207.
Boss, W. R., Kelly, C. J., and Landsberger, F. R. (1975) A novel synthesis of spin label derivatives of phosphatidylcholine. Anal. Biochem. 64, 289–292.
Yang, F., Freer, S., and Benson, A. A. (1967) Transphosphatidylation by phospholipase D. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 477–484.
Pagano, R. E. and Longmuir, K. J. (1985) Phosphorylation, transbilayer movement and facilitated intracellular transport of diacylglycerol are involved in the uptake of a fluorescent analog of phosphatidic acid by cultured fibroblasts. J. Biol Chem. 260, 1990–1916.
Bligh, E. G. and Dyer, W. J. (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem Physiol. 37, 911–917.
Rouser, G., Siakotos, A. N., and Fleischer, S. (1966) Quantitative analysis of phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography and phosphorus analysis of spots. Lipids 1, 85–86.
Nichols, J. W. (1985) Thermodynamics and kinetics of phospholipid monomer-vesicle interaction. Biochemistry 24, 6390–6398.
Sleight, R. G. and Abanto, M. N. (1989) Differences in intracellular transport of a fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analog in established cell lines. J Cell Sci. 93, 363–374.
Sleight, R. G. and Pagano, R. E. (1984) Transport of a fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analog from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Biol. 99, 742–751
Pagano, R. E, Longmuir, K J., and Martin, O. C. (1983) Intracellular translocation and metabolism of a fluorescent phosphatidic acid analog in cultured fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2034–2040.
Lipsky, N. G. and Pagano, R. E. (1985) A vital stain for the Golgi apparatus. Science 228,745–747
Hoekstra, D., de Boer, T., Klappe, K., and Wilschut, J. (1984) Fluorescence method for measuring the kinetics of fusion between biological membranes. Biochemistry 23, 5675–5681.
Dremer, J M. H., von der Esker, M. W. M., Pathmamanoharan, C, and Wiesma, P. A (1977) Vesicles of variable diameter prepared by a modified injection method. Biochemistry 16, 3932–3935.
Hope, M. J., Bally, M. B., Webb, B., and Cullis, P. R. (1985) Production of large unilamellar vesicles by rapid extrusion procedure. Characterization of size distribution, trapped volume and ability to maintain membrane potential. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 812, 55–65
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Humana Press Inc. Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Sleight, R.G. (1994). Fluorescent Glycerolipid Probes. In: Biomembrane Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 27. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-250-7:143
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-250-7:143
Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-250-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-514-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols