Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Culturing and Biological Cloning of Trypanosoma cruzi

  • Protocol
Protocols in Molecular Parasitology

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 21))

Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan flagellate that is transmitted to mammals by bloodsucking triatomine bugs. Transmission is not by the bite of the insect but by contamination of skin abrasions or mucous membranes with bug feces containing infective (metacyclic) trypomastigote forms. Transmission to mammals may also occur by transfusion with blood from an infected donor, by congenital infection across the placenta, by organ transplantation, and by consumption of food contaminated with infective material from triatomine bugs or animal reservoirs. T. cruzi is restricted to the Americas, although closely related organisms of the same subgenus (Schizotrypanum) occur worldwide in bats and are sometimes used as “safe” models for T. cruzi.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hoare, C A (1972) The Trypanosomes of Mammals. Blackwell Scientific Press, Oxford, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Miles, M. A (1983) The epidemiology of South American Trypanosomiasis biochemical and immunological approaches and their relevance to control. Trans. R. Sot Trop Med Hyg. 77, 523

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tibayrenc, M., Agnese, J. F., Solari, A, Braquemond, P., and Bremere, S F (1991) An isoenzyme study of naturally occurring clones of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from both srdes of the West Andes highlands Trans R. Sot. Trop Med. Hyg. 85, 62–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Finley, R. W. and Dvorak, J. A (1987) Trypanosoma cruzi. analysis of the population dynamics of heterogeneous mixtures. J Protozool 34, 409–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dvorak, J. A., Hartman, D. L, and Miles, M. A. (1980) Trypanosoma cruzi. correlatton of growth kinetics to zymodeme type in clones derived from various sources. J. Protozool 27, 472–474.

    Google Scholar 

  6. World Health Organization “Meeting on Standardization of Methods for Trypanosoma cruzi Classification,” Panama City, 28 #x2013;31 January, 1985. (1985) Rev Sot Bras Med Trop 18 (Suplemento), 1–73.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Howard, M. K., Pharoah, M, Ashall, F, and Miles, M. A (1991) Human urine stimulates growth of Leishmaina in vitro Trans. R Sot. Trop. Med Hyg. 85, 477–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brener, Z. (1984) Laboratory-acquired Chagas’ Disease: an endemic disease among parasitologists? in Genes and Antigens of Parasites-A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed (Morel, C M., ed) Fundacao Oswald0 Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Walton, B C, Shaw, J J., and Lainson, R (1977) Observations on the in vitro cultivation of Lelshmania braziliensls. J. Parasitol. 63, 1118–1119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chiari, E. and Camargo, E. P. (1984) Culturing and cloning of Trypanosoma cruzi, in Genes and Antigens of Parasites-A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. (Morel, C M, ed.) Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 23–26

    Google Scholar 

  11. Williams, G. T. and Hudson, L. (1982) Growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro development and application of a continuous-flow culture system. Parasitology 84, 511–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gonzales-Perdomo, M., Romero, P, and Goldenberg, S (1988) Cyclic AMP and adenylate cyclase acttvators stimulate Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation. Exp. Parasitol. 66, 205–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sullivan, J. J. (1982) Metacyclogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro a simplified procedure Trans R. Sot Trop. Med. Hyg. 76, 300–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Howard, M. K., Sayers, G, and Miles, M A. (1987) Leishmania donovani metacyclic promastigotes: transformation in vitro, lectin agglutination, complement resistance and infectivity Exp. Parasitol. 64, 147–156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Deane, M. P, Moriearty, P. L., and Thomaz N (1984) Cell differentiation in trypanosomatids and other parasitic protozoa, in Genes and Antigens of Parasites-A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. (Morel, C. M., ed) Fundção Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, pp 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Baker, J. R. (1987) Trypanosoma cruzi and other stercorarran trypanosomes, in In Vitro Methods for Paruslte Cultivation (Taylor, A E. R. and Baker, J R., eds), Academic, New York, pp. 76–93.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dvorak, J A. and Crane, M. St J. (1981) Vertebrate cell cycle modulates infection by protozoan parasites Science 214, 1034–1036.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sanderson, C J, Thomas, J A, and Twomey, C E (1980) The growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in human diploid cells for the production of trypomastigotes. Parasitology 80, 153–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hudon, L, Snary, D., and Morgan, S J. (1984) Trypanosoma cruzi continuous cultivation with murine cell lures. Parasitology 88, 283–294

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schmatz, D. M and Murray, P. K (1982) Cultivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in irradiated muscle cell: improved synchronization and enhanced trypomastigote production. Parasitology 85, 115–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lanar, D. E. (1979) Growth and differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi cultivated with a Triatoma infestans embryo cell line. J Protozool 26, 457–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chia-Tung Pan, S. (1978) Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular stages grown in a cell-free medium at 37°C. Exp. Parasitol. 45, 215–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Neal, R. A. and Croft, S. L. (1984) An in vitro system for determining the activity of compounds against the intracellular amastigote form of Leishmania donovani J Antimicrob. Chemotherapy 14, 463–475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. O’Daly, J A. and Rodriguez, M. B (1987) Protein and nucleotide contamination of bovine liver catalase used in culture medium explains growth of Trypanosuma cruzi. Trans. R. Sot Trop. Med Hyg. 81, 1–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chia-Tung Pan, S (1978) Trypanosuma cruzi cultivation in macromolecule free semisynthetic and synthetic media Exp. Parasitol 46, 108–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Azevedo, H. P. and Roitman, I (1984) Cultivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in defined media, in Genes and Antigens of Parasites—A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. (Morel, C. M, ed) Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 29–36

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cross, G. A. M, Klein, R A, and Baker, J R (1975) Trypanosoma cruzi growth, amino acid utilization and drug action in a defined medium. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 69, 513–514.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wittner, M, Squillante, L., Nadler, J P., and Tanowitz, H B. (1982) Trypanosoma cruzi colony formation and clonal growth in agar. Exp. Parasitol. 53, 255–261.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Tanuri, A., Andrade, P. P., and Almeida, D F. (1984) Cloning Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes, in Genes and Antigens of Parasites—A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. (Morel, C M, ed) Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RIO de Janeiro, pp 27–28.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Miles, M. A (1974) Cloning Trypanosoma cruzi. Trans R Sot. Trop Med Hyg 68, 256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Miles, M. A, Lanham, S M, de Souza, A A., and Povoa, M. (1980) Further enzymic characters of Trypanosoma cruzi and their evaluation for strain identification. Trans. R. Sot. Trop. Med Hyg. 74, 221–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dvorak, J A (1985) Single cell isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi. how and why? in World Health Organization “Meeting on Standardization of Methods for Trypanosoma cruzi Classification,” Panama City, 28-31 January, 1985. (1985) Rev Sot. Bras Med. Trop. 18 (Suplemento), 29–38.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

    Michael A. Miles

Authors
  1. Michael A. Miles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK

    John E. Hyde

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Humana Press Inc, Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Miles, M.A. (1993). Culturing and Biological Cloning of Trypanosoma cruzi. In: Hyde, J.E. (eds) Protocols in Molecular Parasitology. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 21. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-239-6:15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-239-6:15

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-239-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-508-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation